Pamplona weather in September
In September, Pamplona sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 164 mm of rain across 20.3 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 11 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Pamplona's 8th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Pamplona's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 19°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 164 mm
- 20.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 5:44 AM – 5:46 PM
- Cloud cover
- 91%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.3
- out of 10
Pamplona is settlement in Pamplona, Colombia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month.
A typical September day in Pamplona reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs on par with August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 12 |
| 2 | 19 | 12 |
| 3 | 19 | 12 |
| 4 | 19 | 12 |
| 5 | 19 | 12 |
| 6 | 19 | 12 |
| 7 | 19 | 12 |
| 8 | 19 | 12 |
| 9 | 19 | 12 |
| 10 | 19 | 12 |
| 11 | 19 | 12 |
| 12 | 19 | 12 |
| 13 | 19 | 12 |
| 14 | 19 | 12 |
| 15 | 19 | 12 |
| 16 | 19 | 12 |
| 17 | 19 | 12 |
| 18 | 19 | 12 |
| 19 | 19 | 11 |
| 20 | 19 | 11 |
| 21 | 19 | 11 |
| 22 | 19 | 11 |
| 23 | 19 | 11 |
| 24 | 19 | 11 |
| 25 | 19 | 11 |
| 26 | 19 | 11 |
| 27 | 19 | 11 |
| 28 | 19 | 11 |
| 29 | 19 | 11 |
| 30 | 19 | 11 |
Pamplona weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19° / 10° | 48 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 5.6 |
| Feb | 19° / 10° | 72 | 14 | 11.8 | 5.2 |
| Mar | 19° / 11° | 135 | 19.7 | 11.9 | 4.5 |
| Apr | 19° / 12° | 214 | 23.6 | 12.2 | 3.8 |
| May | 19° / 12° | 256 | 24.4 | 12.3 | 3.8 |
| Jun | 18° / 12° | 150 | 20.7 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 19° / 12° | 105 | 19 | 12.4 | 4.4 |
| Aug | 19° / 12° | 125 | 19.3 | 12.2 | 4.4 |
| Sep | 19° / 11° | 164 | 20.3 | 12 | 4.3 |
| Oct | 19° / 11° | 220 | 23.6 | 11.8 | 3.9 |
| Nov | 19° / 11° | 167 | 20.2 | 11.7 | 4.2 |
| Dec | 19° / 11° | 75 | 13.4 | 11.6 | 5.4 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 3% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 96%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cloudier (%) | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 94 |
| 2 | 6 | 94 |
| 3 | 6 | 94 |
| 4 | 6 | 94 |
| 5 | 6 | 94 |
| 6 | 6 | 94 |
| 7 | 6 | 94 |
| 8 | 5 | 95 |
| 9 | 5 | 95 |
| 10 | 5 | 95 |
| 11 | 5 | 95 |
| 12 | 4 | 96 |
| 13 | 4 | 96 |
| 14 | 4 | 96 |
| 15 | 4 | 96 |
| 16 | 4 | 96 |
| 17 | 3 | 97 |
| 18 | 3 | 97 |
| 19 | 3 | 97 |
| 20 | 3 | 97 |
| 21 | 2 | 98 |
| 22 | 2 | 98 |
| 23 | 2 | 98 |
| 24 | 2 | 98 |
| 25 | 2 | 98 |
| 26 | 2 | 98 |
| 27 | 2 | 98 |
| 28 | 2 | 98 |
| 29 | 2 | 98 |
| 30 | 2 | 98 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Pamplona gets around 164 mm of rain over 20.3 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 67% and peaks near 70% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 61 |
| 2 | 61 |
| 3 | 61 |
| 4 | 61 |
| 5 | 61 |
| 6 | 62 |
| 7 | 63 |
| 8 | 64 |
| 9 | 65 |
| 10 | 65 |
| 11 | 66 |
| 12 | 67 |
| 13 | 67 |
| 14 | 68 |
| 15 | 69 |
| 16 | 69 |
| 17 | 69 |
| 18 | 70 |
| 19 | 70 |
| 20 | 70 |
| 21 | 70 |
| 22 | 70 |
| 23 | 70 |
| 24 | 70 |
| 25 | 70 |
| 26 | 70 |
| 27 | 70 |
| 28 | 70 |
| 29 | 70 |
| 30 | 70 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 89% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
| Comfortable (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 92 | 8 |
| 2 | 92 | 8 |
| 3 | 92 | 8 |
| 4 | 92 | 8 |
| 5 | 92 | 8 |
| 6 | 92 | 8 |
| 7 | 92 | 8 |
| 8 | 92 | 8 |
| 9 | 92 | 8 |
| 10 | 91 | 9 |
| 11 | 91 | 9 |
| 12 | 90 | 10 |
| 13 | 90 | 10 |
| 14 | 89 | 11 |
| 15 | 89 | 11 |
| 16 | 89 | 11 |
| 17 | 88 | 12 |
| 18 | 88 | 12 |
| 19 | 88 | 12 |
| 20 | 87 | 13 |
| 21 | 87 | 13 |
| 22 | 87 | 13 |
| 23 | 86 | 14 |
| 24 | 86 | 14 |
| 25 | 86 | 14 |
| 26 | 86 | 14 |
| 27 | 86 | 14 |
| 28 | 85 | 15 |
| 29 | 85 | 15 |
| 30 | 85 | 15 |
Wind in September
Winds average 4 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 11 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:46 AM to 5:42 AM, and sunset from 5:55 PM to 5:38 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:41 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:38 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 5:46 | 5:55 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 5:46 | 5:54 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 5:46 | 5:53 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 5:46 | 5:53 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:52 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:52 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:51 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:51 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:50 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:50 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:49 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 5:44 | 5:48 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 5:44 | 5:48 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 5:44 | 5:47 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:47 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:44 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:44 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:43 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:43 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:42 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:42 | 5:42 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 5:42 | 5:41 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 5:42 | 5:40 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 5:42 | 5:40 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 5:42 | 5:39 |
| 29 | 11.9 | 5:42 | 5:39 |
| 30 | 11.9 | 5:42 | 5:38 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.34 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.63 kWh/m² to a high of 4.64 kWh/m² in February across the year — September's 4.34 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.3 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Pamplona?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Pamplona for sightseeing.
What to pack for Pamplona in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Pamplona sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 11°C. Pack rain gear. About 20 days see rain.
UV index in Pamplona in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pamplona peaks around February 21 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 12 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 15 | Extreme |
| Jun | 15 | Extreme |
| Jul | 14 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Pamplona in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Pamplona is worst in March — around 34 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.8× the cleanest month (December, 19 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 21 | 25 | 34 | 29 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21 | Moderate |
| Feb | 25 | Moderate |
| Mar | 34 | Moderate |
| Apr | 29 | Moderate |
| May | 22 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 19 | Moderate |
| Aug | 20 | Moderate |
| Sep | 20 | Moderate |
| Oct | 20 | Moderate |
| Nov | 19 | Moderate |
| Dec | 19 | Moderate |
Where is Pamplona?
Pamplona sits at 7.4°N, 72.6°W, 2,294 m above sea level, in Colombia. The nearest listed city is Rubio, 48 km away.
Topography around Pamplona
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pamplona.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pamplona has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,005 m around an average of 2,492 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,523 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,372 m.
The land around Pamplona is covered by grassland (48%) and trees (41%) within 3 km, trees (52%) and grassland (46%) within 16 km, and trees (64%) and grassland (34%) within 80 km.
Colombia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 240 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,562
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 74%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 15.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 480
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pamplona (7.3757°, -72.6479°, elevation 2,294 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).