Popayán weather in September
In September, Popayán sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 145 mm of rain across 18.1 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Popayán's 6th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Popayán's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 145 mm
- 18.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:00 AM – 6:01 PM
- Cloud cover
- 86%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.99 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.8
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month.
A typical September day in Popayán reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 19°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs on par with August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 11 |
| 2 | 21 | 11 |
| 3 | 21 | 11 |
| 4 | 21 | 11 |
| 5 | 21 | 11 |
| 6 | 21 | 11 |
| 7 | 21 | 11 |
| 8 | 21 | 11 |
| 9 | 21 | 11 |
| 10 | 21 | 11 |
| 11 | 21 | 11 |
| 12 | 21 | 11 |
| 13 | 21 | 11 |
| 14 | 21 | 11 |
| 15 | 21 | 11 |
| 16 | 21 | 11 |
| 17 | 21 | 11 |
| 18 | 21 | 11 |
| 19 | 21 | 11 |
| 20 | 21 | 11 |
| 21 | 21 | 11 |
| 22 | 21 | 11 |
| 23 | 21 | 11 |
| 24 | 21 | 11 |
| 25 | 21 | 11 |
| 26 | 21 | 11 |
| 27 | 21 | 11 |
| 28 | 21 | 11 |
| 29 | 21 | 11 |
| 30 | 21 | 11 |
Popayán weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 1st-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 11° | 233 | 21.9 | 11.9 | 4.4 |
| Feb | 20° / 11° | 230 | 21.3 | 11.9 | 4.2 |
| Mar | 20° / 12° | 299 | 25.4 | 12 | 3.9 |
| Apr | 20° / 12° | 289 | 24.3 | 12.1 | 3.8 |
| May | 20° / 12° | 197 | 21.7 | 12.1 | 4.2 |
| Jun | 20° / 11° | 93 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 5.1 |
| Jul | 20° / 11° | 64 | 10 | 12.1 | 5.8 |
| Aug | 21° / 11° | 64 | 9.9 | 12.1 | 6.0 |
| Sep | 21° / 11° | 145 | 18.1 | 12 | 4.8 |
| Oct | 20° / 11° | 268 | 26.4 | 11.9 | 3.7 |
| Nov | 19° / 11° | 331 | 28.1 | 11.9 | 3.3 |
| Dec | 20° / 11° | 294 | 25.3 | 11.9 | 3.9 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 1% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 92%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Cloudier (%) | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 89 |
| 2 | 11 | 89 |
| 3 | 11 | 89 |
| 4 | 10 | 90 |
| 5 | 10 | 90 |
| 6 | 10 | 90 |
| 7 | 10 | 90 |
| 8 | 10 | 90 |
| 9 | 9 | 91 |
| 10 | 9 | 91 |
| 11 | 9 | 91 |
| 12 | 9 | 91 |
| 13 | 9 | 91 |
| 14 | 9 | 91 |
| 15 | 9 | 91 |
| 16 | 8 | 92 |
| 17 | 8 | 92 |
| 18 | 8 | 92 |
| 19 | 8 | 92 |
| 20 | 7 | 93 |
| 21 | 7 | 93 |
| 22 | 7 | 93 |
| 23 | 7 | 93 |
| 24 | 7 | 93 |
| 25 | 5 | 95 |
| 26 | 5 | 95 |
| 27 | 5 | 95 |
| 28 | 5 | 95 |
| 29 | 5 | 95 |
| 30 | 4 | 96 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Popayán gets around 145 mm of rain over 18.1 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 61% and peaks near 76% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 56 | 57 | 59 | 60 | 62 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 44 |
| 2 | 45 |
| 3 | 45 |
| 4 | 46 |
| 5 | 47 |
| 6 | 48 |
| 7 | 49 |
| 8 | 50 |
| 9 | 52 |
| 10 | 53 |
| 11 | 54 |
| 12 | 56 |
| 13 | 57 |
| 14 | 59 |
| 15 | 60 |
| 16 | 62 |
| 17 | 63 |
| 18 | 65 |
| 19 | 66 |
| 20 | 67 |
| 21 | 69 |
| 22 | 70 |
| 23 | 71 |
| 24 | 72 |
| 25 | 73 |
| 26 | 73 |
| 27 | 74 |
| 28 | 75 |
| 29 | 75 |
| 30 | 76 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 99 | 1 |
| 26 | 99 | 1 |
| 27 | 99 | 1 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
| 29 | 99 | 1 |
| 30 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in September
Winds average 6 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:05 AM to 5:56 AM, and sunset from 6:08 PM to 5:55 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:08 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:07 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:07 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:06 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:06 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:03 | 6:06 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:03 | 6:05 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:03 | 6:05 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:04 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:04 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:03 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:03 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:02 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:02 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:01 | 6:02 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:01 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:01 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 6:00 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:00 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:58 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:58 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 5:58 | 5:57 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:57 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 5:57 | 5:56 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:55 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.99 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.23 kWh/m² to a high of 4.99 kWh/m² in February across the year — September's 4.99 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.9 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Popayán?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Popayán for sightseeing.
What to pack for Popayán in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Popayán sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 11°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Popayán in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Popayán peaks around February 21 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near November 20 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 15 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Air quality in Popayán in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Popayán is worst in March — around 19 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.1× the cleanest month (July, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 18 | Moderate |
| Mar | 19 | Moderate |
| Apr | 16 | Moderate |
| May | 12 | Moderate |
| Jun | 10 | Good |
| Jul | 9 | Good |
| Aug | 12 | Good |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 13 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Where is Popayán?
Popayán sits at 2.4°N, 76.6°W, 1,760 m above sea level, in Colombia. The nearest listed city is Piendamo, 24 km away.
Topography around Popayán
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Popayán.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Popayán has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 298 m around an average of 1,751 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,679 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,601 m.
The land around Popayán is covered by trees (44%) and artificial surfaces (37%) within 3 km, trees (65%) and grassland (32%) within 16 km, and trees (75%) and grassland (25%) within 80 km.
Colombia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 240 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,562
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 74%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 15.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 480
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Popayán (2.4382°, -76.6132°, elevation 1,760 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).