Tunja weather in January
In January, Tunja sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 7°C, with 100 mm of rain across 20.4 wet days and about 11.7 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 42 min at the start of January to 11 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Tunja's 1st-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Tunja's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 7°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 100 mm
- 20.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 42 min
- 6:11 AM – 5:54 PM
- Cloud cover
- 77%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.88 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.9
- out of 10
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month.
A typical January day in Tunja reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 7°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and on par with February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Avg low (°C) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | 7 |
| 2 | 17 | 7 |
| 3 | 17 | 7 |
| 4 | 17 | 7 |
| 5 | 17 | 7 |
| 6 | 17 | 7 |
| 7 | 17 | 7 |
| 8 | 17 | 7 |
| 9 | 17 | 7 |
| 10 | 17 | 7 |
| 11 | 17 | 7 |
| 12 | 17 | 7 |
| 13 | 17 | 7 |
| 14 | 17 | 7 |
| 15 | 17 | 7 |
| 16 | 17 | 7 |
| 17 | 17 | 7 |
| 18 | 17 | 7 |
| 19 | 17 | 7 |
| 20 | 17 | 7 |
| 21 | 17 | 7 |
| 22 | 17 | 7 |
| 23 | 17 | 7 |
| 24 | 17 | 7 |
| 25 | 17 | 7 |
| 26 | 17 | 7 |
| 27 | 17 | 7 |
| 28 | 17 | 7 |
| 29 | 17 | 7 |
| 30 | 17 | 7 |
| 31 | 17 | 7 |
Tunja weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 6th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 7° | 100 | 20.4 | 11.7 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 17° / 8° | 136 | 22.1 | 11.8 | 3.5 |
| Mar | 17° / 8° | 215 | 27.6 | 12 | 3.1 |
| Apr | 17° / 9° | 233 | 28.5 | 12.1 | 2.8 |
| May | 16° / 9° | 194 | 30 | 12.2 | 2.7 |
| Jun | 16° / 8° | 161 | 28.5 | 12.3 | 2.5 |
| Jul | 15° / 7° | 163 | 29.8 | 12.3 | 2.4 |
| Aug | 15° / 7° | 126 | 28.5 | 12.2 | 2.5 |
| Sep | 16° / 7° | 114 | 25.7 | 12 | 2.9 |
| Oct | 17° / 8° | 172 | 28.1 | 11.9 | 2.9 |
| Nov | 17° / 8° | 175 | 26.9 | 11.7 | 3.1 |
| Dec | 17° / 8° | 122 | 23.3 | 11.7 | 3.6 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in January, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 86%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Cloudier (%) | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 85 |
| 2 | 16 | 84 |
| 3 | 16 | 84 |
| 4 | 16 | 84 |
| 5 | 16 | 84 |
| 6 | 16 | 84 |
| 7 | 16 | 84 |
| 8 | 16 | 84 |
| 9 | 16 | 84 |
| 10 | 16 | 84 |
| 11 | 16 | 84 |
| 12 | 15 | 85 |
| 13 | 14 | 86 |
| 14 | 14 | 86 |
| 15 | 14 | 86 |
| 16 | 13 | 87 |
| 17 | 13 | 87 |
| 18 | 13 | 87 |
| 19 | 12 | 88 |
| 20 | 12 | 88 |
| 21 | 12 | 88 |
| 22 | 12 | 88 |
| 23 | 12 | 88 |
| 24 | 12 | 88 |
| 25 | 13 | 87 |
| 26 | 13 | 87 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 14 | 86 |
| 29 | 13 | 87 |
| 30 | 13 | 87 |
| 31 | 13 | 87 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Tunja gets around 100 mm of rain over 20.4 wet days in January, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 66% and peaks near 72% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 62 |
| 2 | 62 |
| 3 | 62 |
| 4 | 62 |
| 5 | 62 |
| 6 | 62 |
| 7 | 63 |
| 8 | 64 |
| 9 | 64 |
| 10 | 65 |
| 11 | 65 |
| 12 | 65 |
| 13 | 66 |
| 14 | 66 |
| 15 | 66 |
| 16 | 66 |
| 17 | 67 |
| 18 | 67 |
| 19 | 67 |
| 20 | 67 |
| 21 | 68 |
| 22 | 68 |
| 23 | 68 |
| 24 | 69 |
| 25 | 69 |
| 26 | 69 |
| 27 | 70 |
| 28 | 70 |
| 29 | 71 |
| 30 | 71 |
| 31 | 72 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in January
Winds average 5 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
| 31 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 11 h 42 min at the start of January to 11 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 6:06 AM to 6:14 AM, and sunset from 5:47 PM to 5:59 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.7 | 6:06 | 5:47 |
| 2 | 11.7 | 6:06 | 5:48 |
| 3 | 11.7 | 6:07 | 5:48 |
| 4 | 11.7 | 6:07 | 5:49 |
| 5 | 11.7 | 6:08 | 5:49 |
| 6 | 11.7 | 6:08 | 5:50 |
| 7 | 11.7 | 6:08 | 5:50 |
| 8 | 11.7 | 6:09 | 5:50 |
| 9 | 11.7 | 6:09 | 5:51 |
| 10 | 11.7 | 6:10 | 5:51 |
| 11 | 11.7 | 6:10 | 5:52 |
| 12 | 11.7 | 6:10 | 5:52 |
| 13 | 11.7 | 6:11 | 5:53 |
| 14 | 11.7 | 6:11 | 5:53 |
| 15 | 11.7 | 6:11 | 5:54 |
| 16 | 11.7 | 6:11 | 5:54 |
| 17 | 11.7 | 6:12 | 5:54 |
| 18 | 11.7 | 6:12 | 5:55 |
| 19 | 11.7 | 6:12 | 5:55 |
| 20 | 11.7 | 6:12 | 5:56 |
| 21 | 11.7 | 6:13 | 5:56 |
| 22 | 11.7 | 6:13 | 5:56 |
| 23 | 11.7 | 6:13 | 5:57 |
| 24 | 11.7 | 6:13 | 5:57 |
| 25 | 11.7 | 6:13 | 5:58 |
| 26 | 11.7 | 6:14 | 5:58 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 6:14 | 5:58 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:14 | 5:59 |
| 29 | 11.8 | 6:14 | 5:59 |
| 30 | 11.8 | 6:14 | 5:59 |
| 31 | 11.8 | 6:14 | 5:59 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 4.88 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.37 kWh/m² to a high of 5.33 kWh/m² in September across the year — January's 4.88 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.0 | Bright |
Is January a good time to visit Tunja?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Tunja.
What to pack for Tunja in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Tunja sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 7°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: a warm layer and sun protection. About 20 days see rain.
UV index in Tunja in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Tunja peaks around February 20 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 13 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 17 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 15 | Extreme |
| Jun | 14 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Tunja in January
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where January falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Tunja is worst in March — around 26 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.4× the cleanest month (July, 11 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 19 | 26 | 19 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 19 | Moderate |
| Mar | 26 | Moderate |
| Apr | 19 | Moderate |
| May | 14 | Moderate |
| Jun | 12 | Moderate |
| Jul | 11 | Good |
| Aug | 12 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 14 | Moderate |
| Nov | 14 | Moderate |
| Dec | 15 | Moderate |
Where is Tunja?
Tunja sits at 5.5°N, 73.4°W, 2,693 m above sea level, in Colombia. The nearest listed city is Moniquirá, 44 km away.
Topography around Tunja
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Tunja.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Tunja has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 410 m around an average of 2,782 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,302 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,866 m.
The land around Tunja is covered by grassland (44%) and artificial surfaces (33%) within 3 km, grassland (67%) within 16 km, and grassland (49%) and trees (48%) within 80 km.
Colombia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 240 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,562
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 74%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 15.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 480
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Tunja (5.5448°, -73.3576°, elevation 2,693 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).