Kananga weather in February
In February, Kananga sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 21°C, with 127 mm of rain across 18 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Kananga's 9th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kananga's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 21°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 127 mm
- 18 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:39 AM – 6:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 82%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.55 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.7
- out of 10
Kananga is capital city of the Kasai-Central Province in DRC and capital of the former Kasaï-Occidental Province.
- Density
- 1,679/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1884
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Kananga reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 21°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 32°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 21 |
| 2 | 30 | 21 |
| 3 | 30 | 21 |
| 4 | 30 | 21 |
| 5 | 30 | 21 |
| 6 | 30 | 21 |
| 7 | 30 | 21 |
| 8 | 30 | 21 |
| 9 | 30 | 21 |
| 10 | 30 | 21 |
| 11 | 30 | 21 |
| 12 | 30 | 21 |
| 13 | 30 | 21 |
| 14 | 30 | 21 |
| 15 | 30 | 21 |
| 16 | 30 | 21 |
| 17 | 30 | 21 |
| 18 | 30 | 21 |
| 19 | 30 | 21 |
| 20 | 30 | 21 |
| 21 | 30 | 21 |
| 22 | 30 | 21 |
| 23 | 30 | 21 |
| 24 | 30 | 21 |
| 25 | 30 | 21 |
| 26 | 30 | 21 |
| 27 | 30 | 21 |
| 28 | 30 | 21 |
How February really feels in Kananga
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Kananga weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 5th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 21° | 131 | 19.5 | 12.3 | 4.0 |
| Feb | 30° / 21° | 127 | 18 | 12.2 | 3.7 |
| Mar | 30° / 21° | 176 | 22.2 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 30° / 21° | 178 | 22.1 | 11.9 | 3.5 |
| May | 31° / 21° | 64 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 4.5 |
| Jun | 31° / 20° | 10 | 2.2 | 11.7 | 5.2 |
| Jul | 32° / 20° | 6 | 1.3 | 11.7 | 5.0 |
| Aug | 31° / 21° | 52 | 10 | 11.8 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 30° / 21° | 136 | 19.8 | 12 | 3.8 |
| Oct | 29° / 21° | 181 | 24.8 | 12.1 | 3.4 |
| Nov | 29° / 20° | 186 | 24.9 | 12.3 | 3.5 |
| Dec | 29° / 21° | 159 | 22.3 | 12.3 | 3.8 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 86%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Cloudier (%) | 90 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 90 |
| 2 | 12 | 88 |
| 3 | 12 | 88 |
| 4 | 12 | 88 |
| 5 | 13 | 87 |
| 6 | 13 | 87 |
| 7 | 13 | 87 |
| 8 | 14 | 86 |
| 9 | 14 | 86 |
| 10 | 14 | 86 |
| 11 | 14 | 86 |
| 12 | 14 | 86 |
| 13 | 15 | 85 |
| 14 | 14 | 86 |
| 15 | 14 | 86 |
| 16 | 14 | 86 |
| 17 | 14 | 86 |
| 18 | 14 | 86 |
| 19 | 14 | 86 |
| 20 | 14 | 86 |
| 21 | 14 | 86 |
| 22 | 14 | 86 |
| 23 | 14 | 86 |
| 24 | 14 | 86 |
| 25 | 14 | 86 |
| 26 | 14 | 86 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 14 | 86 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Kananga gets around 127 mm of rain over 18 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 64% and peaks near 68% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 65 |
| 2 | 65 |
| 3 | 65 |
| 4 | 64 |
| 5 | 64 |
| 6 | 64 |
| 7 | 64 |
| 8 | 64 |
| 9 | 63 |
| 10 | 63 |
| 11 | 63 |
| 12 | 63 |
| 13 | 62 |
| 14 | 62 |
| 15 | 62 |
| 16 | 63 |
| 17 | 63 |
| 18 | 63 |
| 19 | 63 |
| 20 | 64 |
| 21 | 64 |
| 22 | 65 |
| 23 | 65 |
| 24 | 66 |
| 25 | 67 |
| 26 | 67 |
| 27 | 68 |
| 28 | 68 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 69% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 |
| Oppressive (%) | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37 | 63 |
| 2 | 36 | 64 |
| 3 | 36 | 64 |
| 4 | 36 | 64 |
| 5 | 36 | 64 |
| 6 | 35 | 65 |
| 7 | 35 | 65 |
| 8 | 35 | 65 |
| 9 | 34 | 66 |
| 10 | 34 | 66 |
| 11 | 33 | 67 |
| 12 | 33 | 67 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 32 | 68 |
| 15 | 31 | 69 |
| 16 | 31 | 69 |
| 17 | 30 | 70 |
| 18 | 30 | 70 |
| 19 | 29 | 71 |
| 20 | 28 | 72 |
| 21 | 28 | 72 |
| 22 | 27 | 73 |
| 23 | 26 | 74 |
| 24 | 26 | 74 |
| 25 | 25 | 75 |
| 26 | 25 | 75 |
| 27 | 24 | 76 |
| 28 | 24 | 76 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:36 AM to 6:40 AM, and sunset from 6:51 PM to 6:48 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 6:36 | 6:51 |
| 2 | 12.2 | 6:37 | 6:52 |
| 3 | 12.2 | 6:37 | 6:52 |
| 4 | 12.2 | 6:37 | 6:52 |
| 5 | 12.2 | 6:37 | 6:52 |
| 6 | 12.2 | 6:38 | 6:52 |
| 7 | 12.2 | 6:38 | 6:51 |
| 8 | 12.2 | 6:38 | 6:51 |
| 9 | 12.2 | 6:38 | 6:51 |
| 10 | 12.2 | 6:38 | 6:51 |
| 11 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 12 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 13 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 14 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 15 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:51 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:50 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:39 | 6:50 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:40 | 6:50 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:40 | 6:50 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:40 | 6:50 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:40 | 6:49 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:40 | 6:49 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 6:40 | 6:49 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 6:40 | 6:48 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 6:40 | 6:48 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 6:40 | 6:48 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 6:40 | 6:48 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.55 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.06 kWh/m² to a high of 5.55 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 5.55 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Kananga?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Kananga.
What to pack for Kananga in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Kananga sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 21°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Kananga in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kananga peaks around March 18 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near August 12 at about 5 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 6 | High |
| Aug | 5 | Moderate |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Kananga in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Kananga is worst in August — around 134 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 7.2× the cleanest month (November, 19 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 27 | 36 | 22 | 22 | 38 | 59 | 102 | 134 | 45 | 23 | 19 | 20 |
| Level | Moderate | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | Moderate |
| Feb | 36 | Poor |
| Mar | 22 | Moderate |
| Apr | 22 | Moderate |
| May | 38 | Poor |
| Jun | 59 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 102 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 134 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 45 | Poor |
| Oct | 23 | Moderate |
| Nov | 19 | Moderate |
| Dec | 20 | Moderate |
Where is Kananga?
Kananga sits at 5.9°S, 22.4°E, 643 m above sea level, in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The nearest listed city is Demba, 47 km away.
Topography around Kananga
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kananga.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kananga has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 92 m around an average of 612 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 200 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 467 m.
The land around Kananga is covered by artificial surfaces (50%) and trees (32%) within 3 km, trees (34%), shrubs (30%) and grassland (30%) within 16 km, and trees (64%) within 80 km.
Democratic Republic of the Congo travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 42% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $807
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 12%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 34.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 400
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kananga (-5.8962°, 22.4166°, elevation 643 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).