Malemba-Nkulu weather in February
In February, Malemba-Nkulu sees average daytime highs of 29°C and overnight lows near 22°C, with 202 mm of rain across 19.5 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Malemba-Nkulu's 10th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Malemba-Nkulu's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 29°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 22°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 202 mm
- 19.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 6:20 AM – 6:35 PM
- Cloud cover
- 85%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.56 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.8
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month.
A typical February day in Malemba-Nkulu reaches about 29°C in the afternoon and slips back to 22°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 22 |
| 2 | 29 | 22 |
| 3 | 29 | 22 |
| 4 | 29 | 22 |
| 5 | 29 | 22 |
| 6 | 29 | 22 |
| 7 | 29 | 22 |
| 8 | 29 | 22 |
| 9 | 29 | 22 |
| 10 | 29 | 22 |
| 11 | 29 | 22 |
| 12 | 29 | 22 |
| 13 | 29 | 22 |
| 14 | 29 | 22 |
| 15 | 29 | 22 |
| 16 | 29 | 22 |
| 17 | 29 | 22 |
| 18 | 29 | 22 |
| 19 | 29 | 22 |
| 20 | 29 | 22 |
| 21 | 29 | 22 |
| 22 | 29 | 22 |
| 23 | 29 | 22 |
| 24 | 29 | 22 |
| 25 | 29 | 22 |
| 26 | 29 | 22 |
| 27 | 29 | 22 |
| 28 | 29 | 22 |
How February really feels in Malemba-Nkulu
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 14 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Malemba-Nkulu weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 21° | 279 | 25 | 12.4 | 3.6 |
| Feb | 29° / 22° | 202 | 19.5 | 12.3 | 3.8 |
| Mar | 29° / 22° | 186 | 20.6 | 12.1 | 3.9 |
| Apr | 30° / 22° | 86 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 4.5 |
| May | 32° / 21° | 7 | 1.7 | 11.6 | 4.7 |
| Jun | 33° / 20° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.5 | 4.9 |
| Jul | 33° / 19° | 0 | 0 | 11.6 | 5.0 |
| Aug | 34° / 20° | 2 | 0.4 | 11.7 | 4.0 |
| Sep | 34° / 22° | 22 | 4.7 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Oct | 31° / 22° | 114 | 17.6 | 12.2 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 29° / 21° | 208 | 23.8 | 12.4 | 3.5 |
| Dec | 28° / 21° | 269 | 26.4 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 3% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 6% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 91%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Cloudier (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 95 |
| 2 | 5 | 95 |
| 3 | 5 | 95 |
| 4 | 5 | 95 |
| 5 | 5 | 95 |
| 6 | 6 | 94 |
| 7 | 7 | 93 |
| 8 | 7 | 93 |
| 9 | 7 | 93 |
| 10 | 8 | 92 |
| 11 | 8 | 92 |
| 12 | 8 | 92 |
| 13 | 8 | 92 |
| 14 | 8 | 92 |
| 15 | 9 | 91 |
| 16 | 9 | 91 |
| 17 | 9 | 91 |
| 18 | 10 | 90 |
| 19 | 10 | 90 |
| 20 | 10 | 90 |
| 21 | 11 | 89 |
| 22 | 11 | 89 |
| 23 | 11 | 89 |
| 24 | 11 | 89 |
| 25 | 12 | 88 |
| 26 | 12 | 88 |
| 27 | 12 | 88 |
| 28 | 13 | 87 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Malemba-Nkulu gets around 202 mm of rain over 19.5 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 70% and peaks near 76% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 76 |
| 2 | 76 |
| 3 | 76 |
| 4 | 75 |
| 5 | 75 |
| 6 | 74 |
| 7 | 74 |
| 8 | 73 |
| 9 | 72 |
| 10 | 72 |
| 11 | 71 |
| 12 | 71 |
| 13 | 70 |
| 14 | 69 |
| 15 | 69 |
| 16 | 68 |
| 17 | 68 |
| 18 | 67 |
| 19 | 67 |
| 20 | 67 |
| 21 | 66 |
| 22 | 66 |
| 23 | 66 |
| 24 | 66 |
| 25 | 66 |
| 26 | 65 |
| 27 | 65 |
| 28 | 65 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 92% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Oppressive (%) | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | 91 |
| 2 | 9 | 91 |
| 3 | 9 | 91 |
| 4 | 9 | 91 |
| 5 | 9 | 91 |
| 6 | 8 | 92 |
| 7 | 8 | 92 |
| 8 | 8 | 92 |
| 9 | 8 | 92 |
| 10 | 8 | 92 |
| 11 | 8 | 92 |
| 12 | 8 | 92 |
| 13 | 8 | 92 |
| 14 | 8 | 92 |
| 15 | 8 | 92 |
| 16 | 8 | 92 |
| 17 | 8 | 92 |
| 18 | 8 | 92 |
| 19 | 8 | 92 |
| 20 | 8 | 92 |
| 21 | 8 | 92 |
| 22 | 8 | 92 |
| 23 | 8 | 92 |
| 24 | 8 | 92 |
| 25 | 8 | 92 |
| 26 | 8 | 92 |
| 27 | 8 | 92 |
| 28 | 8 | 92 |
Wind in February
Winds average 4 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:16 AM to 6:21 AM, and sunset from 6:37 PM to 6:31 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 6:16 | 6:37 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 6:16 | 6:37 |
| 3 | 12.3 | 6:17 | 6:37 |
| 4 | 12.3 | 6:17 | 6:37 |
| 5 | 12.3 | 6:17 | 6:37 |
| 6 | 12.3 | 6:17 | 6:37 |
| 7 | 12.3 | 6:18 | 6:36 |
| 8 | 12.3 | 6:18 | 6:36 |
| 9 | 12.3 | 6:18 | 6:36 |
| 10 | 12.3 | 6:18 | 6:36 |
| 11 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:36 |
| 12 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:36 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:36 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:36 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 6:20 | 6:35 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 6:20 | 6:35 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:35 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:35 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:34 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:34 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:20 | 6:34 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:33 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:33 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:33 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:33 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:32 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:32 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:21 | 6:31 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.56 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.17 kWh/m² to a high of 6.18 kWh/m² in September across the year — February's 5.56 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.7 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Malemba-Nkulu
In February, Malemba-Nkulu sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Malemba-Nkulu's monsoon runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Malemba-Nkulu?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Malemba-Nkulu.
What to pack for Malemba-Nkulu in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Malemba-Nkulu sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 22°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 20 days see rain.
UV index in Malemba-Nkulu in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Malemba-Nkulu peaks around March 14 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near August 16 at about 7 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Malemba-Nkulu in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Malemba-Nkulu is worst in August — around 90 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 8.3× the cleanest month (December, 11 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 14 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 30 | 82 | 88 | 90 | 68 | 37 | 20 | 11 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Moderate |
| Feb | 14 | Moderate |
| Mar | 11 | Good |
| Apr | 11 | Good |
| May | 30 | Moderate |
| Jun | 82 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 88 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 90 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 68 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 37 | Poor |
| Nov | 20 | Moderate |
| Dec | 11 | Good |
Where is Malemba-Nkulu?
Malemba-Nkulu sits at 8.0°S, 26.8°E, 572 m above sea level, in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The nearest listed city is Mulongo, 32 km away.
Topography around Malemba-Nkulu
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Malemba-Nkulu.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Malemba-Nkulu has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 44 m around an average of 571 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 262 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,277 m.
The land around Malemba-Nkulu is covered by grassland (28%) and trees (24%) within 3 km, shrubs (26%), wetland (22%) and grassland (21%) within 16 km, and trees (47%) and grassland (26%) within 80 km.
Democratic Republic of the Congo travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 42% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $807
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 12%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 34.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 400
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Malemba-Nkulu (-8.0448°, 26.7963°, elevation 572 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).