Guamote weather in March
In March, Guamote sees average daytime highs of 15°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 231 mm of rain across 27.7 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in March, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of March to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, March is Guamote's 12th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Guamote's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 15°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 231 mm
- 27.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:24 AM – 6:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 89%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.02 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.5
- out of 10
Temperature in March
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month.
A typical March day in Guamote reaches about 15°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 12°C and 17°C. Set against its neighbours, March runs on par with February and on par with April.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 5 |
| 2 | 15 | 5 |
| 3 | 15 | 5 |
| 4 | 15 | 5 |
| 5 | 15 | 5 |
| 6 | 15 | 5 |
| 7 | 15 | 5 |
| 8 | 15 | 5 |
| 9 | 15 | 5 |
| 10 | 15 | 5 |
| 11 | 15 | 5 |
| 12 | 15 | 5 |
| 13 | 15 | 5 |
| 14 | 15 | 5 |
| 15 | 15 | 5 |
| 16 | 15 | 5 |
| 17 | 15 | 5 |
| 18 | 15 | 5 |
| 19 | 15 | 5 |
| 20 | 15 | 5 |
| 21 | 15 | 5 |
| 22 | 15 | 5 |
| 23 | 15 | 5 |
| 24 | 15 | 5 |
| 25 | 15 | 5 |
| 26 | 15 | 5 |
| 27 | 15 | 5 |
| 28 | 15 | 5 |
| 29 | 15 | 5 |
| 30 | 15 | 5 |
| 31 | 15 | 5 |
Guamote weather by month
How March compares with the rest of the year at a glance. March is the 6th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15° / 5° | 155 | 22.3 | 12.1 | 3.0 |
| Feb | 15° / 5° | 181 | 23.1 | 12.1 | 2.8 |
| Mar | 15° / 5° | 231 | 27.7 | 12 | 2.5 |
| Apr | 15° / 5° | 192 | 25.9 | 12 | 2.6 |
| May | 15° / 5° | 133 | 22.3 | 11.9 | 3.0 |
| Jun | 14° / 4° | 77 | 16.4 | 11.9 | 3.4 |
| Jul | 14° / 4° | 50 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 3.9 |
| Aug | 15° / 3° | 30 | 8 | 11.9 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 16° / 4° | 55 | 12.3 | 12 | 4.4 |
| Oct | 15° / 5° | 138 | 21.9 | 12 | 3.2 |
| Nov | 14° / 5° | 160 | 23.6 | 12.1 | 2.7 |
| Dec | 15° / 5° | 158 | 23 | 12.1 | 2.9 |
Cloud cover in March
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in March, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of March, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 98%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Cloudier (%) | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 96 |
| 2 | 4 | 96 |
| 3 | 3 | 97 |
| 4 | 3 | 97 |
| 5 | 3 | 97 |
| 6 | 3 | 97 |
| 7 | 3 | 97 |
| 8 | 3 | 97 |
| 9 | 3 | 97 |
| 10 | 3 | 97 |
| 11 | 3 | 97 |
| 12 | 2 | 98 |
| 13 | 2 | 98 |
| 14 | 2 | 98 |
| 15 | 2 | 98 |
| 16 | 2 | 98 |
| 17 | 2 | 98 |
| 18 | 2 | 98 |
| 19 | 1 | 99 |
| 20 | 1 | 99 |
| 21 | 1 | 99 |
| 22 | 1 | 99 |
| 23 | 1 | 99 |
| 24 | 1 | 99 |
| 25 | 1 | 99 |
| 26 | 1 | 99 |
| 27 | 1 | 99 |
| 28 | 1 | 99 |
| 29 | 1 | 99 |
| 30 | 2 | 98 |
| 31 | 2 | 98 |
Chance of precipitation in March
Guamote gets around 231 mm of rain over 27.7 wet days in March, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 89% and peaks near 92% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 89 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 87 |
| 2 | 87 |
| 3 | 87 |
| 4 | 87 |
| 5 | 87 |
| 6 | 87 |
| 7 | 87 |
| 8 | 88 |
| 9 | 88 |
| 10 | 88 |
| 11 | 88 |
| 12 | 88 |
| 13 | 89 |
| 14 | 89 |
| 15 | 89 |
| 16 | 90 |
| 17 | 90 |
| 18 | 90 |
| 19 | 90 |
| 20 | 91 |
| 21 | 91 |
| 22 | 91 |
| 23 | 91 |
| 24 | 92 |
| 25 | 92 |
| 26 | 91 |
| 27 | 91 |
| 28 | 91 |
| 29 | 90 |
| 30 | 90 |
| 31 | 89 |
Humidity in March
Most of March feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, March lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in March
Winds average 5 km/h in March.
Across March, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
| 31 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in March
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of March to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over March. Sunrise moves from 6:27 AM to 6:20 AM, and sunset from 6:29 PM to 6:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 6:27 | 6:29 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 6:27 | 6:29 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 6:27 | 6:29 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:29 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:28 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:28 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:28 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:27 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:26 | 6:27 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:25 | 6:27 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:25 | 6:27 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:25 | 6:26 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:25 | 6:26 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:25 | 6:26 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:24 | 6:25 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:24 | 6:25 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:24 | 6:25 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:24 | 6:24 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:23 | 6:24 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:23 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:23 | 6:23 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:23 | 6:23 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:22 | 6:22 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:22 | 6:22 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:22 | 6:22 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:22 | 6:21 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:21 | 6:21 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:21 | 6:21 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 6:21 | 6:20 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 6:21 | 6:20 |
| 31 | 12.0 | 6:20 | 6:19 |
Solar energy in March
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in March, about 5.02 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.87 kWh/m² to a high of 6.04 kWh/m² in September across the year — March's 5.02 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 31 | 4.9 | Bright |
Is March a good time to visit Guamote?
Our two travel scores rate March for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
March is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Guamote.
What to pack for Guamote in March
From March's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In March, Guamote sees daytime highs around 15°C and nights near 5°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: a warm layer and sun protection. About 28 days see rain.
UV index in Guamote in March
Clear-sky midday UV in March peaks around 18 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Guamote peaks around February 20 at about 18 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 14 at about 13 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 19 | Extreme |
| Mar | 18 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 16 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 16 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Air quality in Guamote in March
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where March falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Guamote is worst in February — around 17 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.2× the cleanest month (July, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 14 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 17 | Moderate |
| Mar | 17 | Moderate |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 11 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 11 | Good |
| Sep | 15 | Moderate |
| Oct | 14 | Moderate |
| Nov | 17 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Where is Guamote?
Guamote sits at 1.9°S, 78.7°W, 0 m above sea level, in Ecuador. The nearest listed city is Riobamba, 31 km away.
Topography around Guamote
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Guamote.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Guamote has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 584 m around an average of 3,176 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,575 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,240 m.
The land around Guamote is covered by grassland (79%) within 3 km, cropland (47%) and grassland (45%) within 16 km, and trees (50%) and grassland (31%) within 80 km.
Ecuador travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 43% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $7,125
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 70%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 45.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 20.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 466
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Guamote (-1.935°, -78.7104°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).