Dodola weather in November
In November, Dodola sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 41 mm of rain across 5.1 wet days and about 11.7 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Dodola's 3rd-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Dodola's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 19°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 8°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 41 mm
- 5.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 42 min
- 6:18 AM – 5:59 PM
- Cloud cover
- 55%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.24 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.8
- out of 10
Dodola is place in Oromia, Ethiopia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month.
A typical November day in Dodola reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 1°C warmer than October and about 1°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 8 |
| 2 | 19 | 8 |
| 3 | 19 | 8 |
| 4 | 19 | 8 |
| 5 | 19 | 8 |
| 6 | 19 | 8 |
| 7 | 19 | 8 |
| 8 | 19 | 8 |
| 9 | 19 | 8 |
| 10 | 19 | 8 |
| 11 | 19 | 8 |
| 12 | 19 | 8 |
| 13 | 19 | 8 |
| 14 | 19 | 8 |
| 15 | 19 | 8 |
| 16 | 19 | 8 |
| 17 | 19 | 8 |
| 18 | 19 | 8 |
| 19 | 19 | 8 |
| 20 | 19 | 8 |
| 21 | 19 | 8 |
| 22 | 19 | 8 |
| 23 | 20 | 8 |
| 24 | 20 | 8 |
| 25 | 20 | 8 |
| 26 | 20 | 8 |
| 27 | 20 | 8 |
| 28 | 20 | 8 |
| 29 | 20 | 7 |
| 30 | 20 | 7 |
Dodola weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 7th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21° / 8° | 28 | 5.2 | 11.6 | 7.3 |
| Feb | 22° / 8° | 48 | 5.9 | 11.8 | 7.1 |
| Mar | 21° / 9° | 149 | 12.1 | 12 | 6.1 |
| Apr | 20° / 10° | 261 | 18.2 | 12.1 | 4.9 |
| May | 20° / 10° | 203 | 16.2 | 12.3 | 5.2 |
| Jun | 18° / 10° | 234 | 22.9 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 16° / 9° | 349 | 30.4 | 12.4 | 2.7 |
| Aug | 17° / 9° | 377 | 30.4 | 12.2 | 2.8 |
| Sep | 17° / 9° | 358 | 25.8 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Oct | 18° / 9° | 152 | 15.4 | 11.8 | 5.1 |
| Nov | 19° / 8° | 41 | 5.1 | 11.7 | 6.8 |
| Dec | 20° / 7° | 17 | 2.6 | 11.6 | 7.6 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 24% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 48%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 43 | 43 | 45 | 45 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 |
| Cloudier (%) | 57 | 57 | 55 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 57 |
| 2 | 43 | 57 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 47 | 53 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 49 | 51 |
| 8 | 49 | 51 |
| 9 | 50 | 50 |
| 10 | 51 | 49 |
| 11 | 51 | 49 |
| 12 | 51 | 49 |
| 13 | 53 | 47 |
| 14 | 53 | 47 |
| 15 | 54 | 46 |
| 16 | 53 | 47 |
| 17 | 53 | 47 |
| 18 | 54 | 46 |
| 19 | 54 | 46 |
| 20 | 54 | 46 |
| 21 | 54 | 46 |
| 22 | 55 | 45 |
| 23 | 55 | 45 |
| 24 | 55 | 45 |
| 25 | 56 | 44 |
| 26 | 57 | 43 |
| 27 | 57 | 43 |
| 28 | 58 | 42 |
| 29 | 58 | 42 |
| 30 | 59 | 41 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Dodola gets around 41 mm of rain over 5.1 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 18% and peaks near 26% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 26 |
| 2 | 25 |
| 3 | 24 |
| 4 | 23 |
| 5 | 23 |
| 6 | 22 |
| 7 | 21 |
| 8 | 21 |
| 9 | 20 |
| 10 | 20 |
| 11 | 19 |
| 12 | 19 |
| 13 | 18 |
| 14 | 18 |
| 15 | 17 |
| 16 | 17 |
| 17 | 16 |
| 18 | 16 |
| 19 | 15 |
| 20 | 15 |
| 21 | 15 |
| 22 | 14 |
| 23 | 14 |
| 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 13 |
| 26 | 13 |
| 27 | 13 |
| 28 | 13 |
| 29 | 12 |
| 30 | 12 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 6 km/h in November, the windiest month of the year.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:14 AM to 6:24 AM, and sunset from 5:59 PM to 6:01 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.7 | 6:14 | 5:59 |
| 2 | 11.7 | 6:15 | 5:59 |
| 3 | 11.7 | 6:15 | 5:59 |
| 4 | 11.7 | 6:15 | 5:59 |
| 5 | 11.7 | 6:15 | 5:59 |
| 6 | 11.7 | 6:15 | 5:59 |
| 7 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 5:59 |
| 8 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 5:59 |
| 9 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 5:59 |
| 10 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 5:59 |
| 11 | 11.7 | 6:17 | 5:59 |
| 12 | 11.7 | 6:17 | 5:59 |
| 13 | 11.7 | 6:17 | 5:59 |
| 14 | 11.7 | 6:18 | 5:59 |
| 15 | 11.7 | 6:18 | 5:59 |
| 16 | 11.7 | 6:18 | 5:59 |
| 17 | 11.7 | 6:19 | 5:59 |
| 18 | 11.7 | 6:19 | 5:59 |
| 19 | 11.7 | 6:19 | 5:59 |
| 20 | 11.7 | 6:20 | 5:59 |
| 21 | 11.7 | 6:20 | 5:59 |
| 22 | 11.7 | 6:20 | 6:00 |
| 23 | 11.6 | 6:21 | 6:00 |
| 24 | 11.6 | 6:21 | 6:00 |
| 25 | 11.6 | 6:22 | 6:00 |
| 26 | 11.6 | 6:22 | 6:00 |
| 27 | 11.6 | 6:23 | 6:01 |
| 28 | 11.6 | 6:23 | 6:01 |
| 29 | 11.6 | 6:23 | 6:01 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 6:24 | 6:01 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 5.24 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.17 kWh/m² to a high of 6.51 kWh/m² in February across the year — November's 5.24 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.4 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Dodola
None of Dodola's seasonal hazards are active in November. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Dodola's rainy season runs April–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Dodola?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Dodola for sightseeing.
What to pack for Dodola in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Dodola sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 8°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and sun protection. About 5 days see rain.
UV index in Dodola in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Dodola peaks around March 16 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near November 22 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 17 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 15 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Dodola in November
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Dodola is worst in December — around 42 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 40 | 36 | 36 | 33 | 30 | 33 | 30 | 27 | 33 | 37 | 41 | 42 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 40 | Poor |
| Feb | 36 | Poor |
| Mar | 36 | Poor |
| Apr | 33 | Moderate |
| May | 30 | Moderate |
| Jun | 33 | Moderate |
| Jul | 30 | Moderate |
| Aug | 27 | Moderate |
| Sep | 33 | Moderate |
| Oct | 37 | Poor |
| Nov | 41 | Poor |
| Dec | 42 | Poor |
Where is Dodola?
Dodola sits at 7.0°N, 39.2°E, 2,464 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Āsasa, 13 km away.
Topography around Dodola
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Dodola.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Dodola has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 262 m around an average of 2,460 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,299 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,097 m.
The land around Dodola is covered by cropland (75%) within 3 km, cropland (70%) within 16 km, and cropland (37%), trees (32%) and grassland (21%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Dodola (6.9833°, 39.1833°, elevation 2,464 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).