Gap weather in August
In August, Gap sees average daytime highs of 24°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 44 mm of rain across 5.8 wet days and about 13.9 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 23°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in August, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 30 min at the start of August to 13 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is Gap's 2nd-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Gap's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 24°
- 2nd warmest
- Overnight low
- 11°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 44 mm
- 5.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 54 min
- 5:44 AM – 7:36 PM
- Cloud cover
- 37%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.13 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.0
- out of 10
- Air quality
- Moderate
- PM2.5 10.6 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in August
Highs ease over the month, from about 25°C in the first days to 23°C by the end.
A typical August day in Gap reaches about 24°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs on par with July and about 4°C warmer than September.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 12 |
| 2 | 25 | 12 |
| 3 | 25 | 12 |
| 4 | 25 | 12 |
| 5 | 25 | 12 |
| 6 | 25 | 12 |
| 7 | 25 | 12 |
| 8 | 25 | 12 |
| 9 | 25 | 12 |
| 10 | 25 | 12 |
| 11 | 25 | 12 |
| 12 | 25 | 12 |
| 13 | 24 | 12 |
| 14 | 24 | 12 |
| 15 | 24 | 12 |
| 16 | 24 | 12 |
| 17 | 24 | 12 |
| 18 | 24 | 11 |
| 19 | 24 | 11 |
| 20 | 24 | 11 |
| 21 | 24 | 11 |
| 22 | 24 | 11 |
| 23 | 24 | 11 |
| 24 | 24 | 11 |
| 25 | 24 | 11 |
| 26 | 23 | 11 |
| 27 | 23 | 11 |
| 28 | 23 | 11 |
| 29 | 23 | 10 |
| 30 | 23 | 10 |
| 31 | 23 | 10 |
How August really feels in Gap
Once humidity and wind are folded in, August averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
August sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Gap weather by month
How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 2nd-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5° / -5° | 79 | 9.3 | 6.5 | 9 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 6° / -4° | 57 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 10.1 | 0.6 |
| Mar | 10° / -1° | 70 | 8.8 | 3 | 11.6 | 2.6 |
| Apr | 13° / 2° | 86 | 11.2 | 2.1 | 13.2 | 3.7 |
| May | 17° / 6° | 90 | 11.7 | 0.2 | 14.6 | 5.4 |
| Jun | 21° / 10° | 63 | 8.8 | 0 | 15.3 | 6.9 |
| Jul | 24° / 12° | 39 | 6.6 | 0 | 15 | 8.0 |
| Aug | 24° / 11° | 44 | 5.8 | 0 | 13.9 | 8.0 |
| Sep | 20° / 8° | 69 | 7.4 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| Oct | 15° / 5° | 100 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 10.7 | 4.8 |
| Nov | 9° / -0° | 119 | 10.8 | 2.9 | 9.4 | 2.0 |
| Dec | 6° / -3° | 90 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 8.7 | 0.3 |
Cloud cover in August
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 58% of the time in August.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 24%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 |
| Cloudier (%) | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 79 | 21 |
| 2 | 78 | 22 |
| 3 | 78 | 22 |
| 4 | 78 | 22 |
| 5 | 78 | 22 |
| 6 | 77 | 23 |
| 7 | 77 | 23 |
| 8 | 77 | 23 |
| 9 | 76 | 24 |
| 10 | 76 | 24 |
| 11 | 76 | 24 |
| 12 | 76 | 24 |
| 13 | 76 | 24 |
| 14 | 76 | 24 |
| 15 | 76 | 24 |
| 16 | 76 | 24 |
| 17 | 76 | 24 |
| 18 | 76 | 24 |
| 19 | 76 | 24 |
| 20 | 76 | 24 |
| 21 | 75 | 25 |
| 22 | 75 | 25 |
| 23 | 75 | 25 |
| 24 | 75 | 25 |
| 25 | 75 | 25 |
| 26 | 75 | 25 |
| 27 | 75 | 25 |
| 28 | 75 | 25 |
| 29 | 75 | 25 |
| 30 | 74 | 26 |
| 31 | 74 | 26 |
Chance of precipitation in August
Gap gets around 44 mm of rain over 5.8 wet days in August. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 19% and peaks near 23% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 22 |
| 2 | 22 |
| 3 | 23 |
| 4 | 23 |
| 5 | 23 |
| 6 | 23 |
| 7 | 22 |
| 8 | 22 |
| 9 | 21 |
| 10 | 21 |
| 11 | 20 |
| 12 | 20 |
| 13 | 19 |
| 14 | 18 |
| 15 | 18 |
| 16 | 17 |
| 17 | 17 |
| 18 | 16 |
| 19 | 16 |
| 20 | 16 |
| 21 | 15 |
| 22 | 15 |
| 23 | 15 |
| 24 | 16 |
| 25 | 16 |
| 26 | 16 |
| 27 | 16 |
| 28 | 17 |
| 29 | 17 |
| 30 | 18 |
| 31 | 18 |
Humidity in August
Most of August feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, August lands in the dry band about 88% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 |
| Comfortable (%) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 79 | 21 |
| 2 | 79 | 21 |
| 3 | 79 | 21 |
| 4 | 79 | 21 |
| 5 | 80 | 20 |
| 6 | 80 | 20 |
| 7 | 81 | 19 |
| 8 | 82 | 18 |
| 9 | 83 | 17 |
| 10 | 84 | 16 |
| 11 | 85 | 15 |
| 12 | 86 | 14 |
| 13 | 87 | 13 |
| 14 | 88 | 12 |
| 15 | 89 | 11 |
| 16 | 90 | 10 |
| 17 | 91 | 9 |
| 18 | 92 | 8 |
| 19 | 92 | 8 |
| 20 | 93 | 7 |
| 21 | 93 | 7 |
| 22 | 94 | 6 |
| 23 | 94 | 6 |
| 24 | 94 | 6 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 95 | 5 |
| 28 | 95 | 5 |
| 29 | 95 | 5 |
| 30 | 95 | 5 |
| 31 | 95 | 5 |
Wind in August
Winds average 6 km/h in August.
Across August, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
| 31 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in August
Daylight runs from about 14 h 30 min at the start of August to 13 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 84 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 5:26 AM to 6:02 AM, and sunset from 7:57 PM to 7:10 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:57 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:50 | 7:48 | 7:47 | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:21 | 7:19 | 7:17 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:12 | 7:10 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.5 | 5:26 | 7:57 |
| 2 | 14.5 | 5:27 | 7:56 |
| 3 | 14.4 | 5:28 | 7:55 |
| 4 | 14.4 | 5:29 | 7:54 |
| 5 | 14.4 | 5:31 | 7:52 |
| 6 | 14.3 | 5:32 | 7:51 |
| 7 | 14.3 | 5:33 | 7:50 |
| 8 | 14.2 | 5:34 | 7:48 |
| 9 | 14.2 | 5:35 | 7:47 |
| 10 | 14.1 | 5:36 | 7:45 |
| 11 | 14.1 | 5:38 | 7:44 |
| 12 | 14.1 | 5:39 | 7:42 |
| 13 | 14.0 | 5:40 | 7:41 |
| 14 | 14.0 | 5:41 | 7:39 |
| 15 | 13.9 | 5:42 | 7:38 |
| 16 | 13.9 | 5:44 | 7:36 |
| 17 | 13.8 | 5:45 | 7:34 |
| 18 | 13.8 | 5:46 | 7:33 |
| 19 | 13.7 | 5:47 | 7:31 |
| 20 | 13.7 | 5:48 | 7:29 |
| 21 | 13.6 | 5:50 | 7:28 |
| 22 | 13.6 | 5:51 | 7:26 |
| 23 | 13.5 | 5:52 | 7:24 |
| 24 | 13.5 | 5:53 | 7:23 |
| 25 | 13.4 | 5:54 | 7:21 |
| 26 | 13.4 | 5:56 | 7:19 |
| 27 | 13.3 | 5:57 | 7:17 |
| 28 | 13.3 | 5:58 | 7:15 |
| 29 | 13.2 | 5:59 | 7:14 |
| 30 | 13.2 | 6:00 | 7:12 |
| 31 | 13.1 | 6:02 | 7:10 |
Solar energy in August
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 6.13 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.5 kWh/m² to a high of 6.95 kWh/m² in July across the year — August's 6.13 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.5 | Bright |
Is August a good time to visit Gap?
Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
August is one of the better times to visit Gap for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Gap in August
From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In August, Gap sees daytime highs around 24°C and nights near 11°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 6 days see rain.
UV index in Gap in August
Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Gap peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Gap?
Gap sits at 44.6°N, 6.1°E, 741 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Digne-les-Bains, 53 km away.
Topography around Gap
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Gap.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Gap has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 450 m around an average of 843 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,079 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,777 m.
The land around Gap is covered by trees (47%), grassland (25%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, trees (55%) and grassland (34%) within 16 km, and trees (59%) and grassland (28%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Gap (44.5586°, 6.0787°, elevation 741 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).