Issoire weather in January
In January, Issoire sees average daytime highs of 6°C and overnight lows near -1°C, with 57 mm of precipitation across 11.7 wet days and about 8.9 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 6°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 17% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 36 min at the start of January to 9 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Issoire's 10th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Issoire's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 6°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- -1°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 57 mm
- 11.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 54 min
- 8:30 AM – 5:23 PM
- Cloud cover
- 72%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.37 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.3
- out of 10
- Air quality
- Excellent
- PM10 15 µg/m³ · 2017
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 6°C through the month.
A typical January day in Issoire reaches about 6°C in the afternoon and slips back to -1°C overnight — a 6°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -0°C and 11°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 1°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg low (°C) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 0 |
| 2 | 6 | 0 |
| 3 | 6 | 0 |
| 4 | 6 | 0 |
| 5 | 6 | 0 |
| 6 | 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 6 | 0 |
| 8 | 6 | 0 |
| 9 | 6 | 0 |
| 10 | 6 | 0 |
| 11 | 6 | 0 |
| 12 | 6 | -1 |
| 13 | 6 | -1 |
| 14 | 6 | -1 |
| 15 | 6 | -1 |
| 16 | 6 | -1 |
| 17 | 6 | -1 |
| 18 | 6 | -1 |
| 19 | 6 | -1 |
| 20 | 6 | -1 |
| 21 | 5 | -1 |
| 22 | 5 | -1 |
| 23 | 5 | -1 |
| 24 | 5 | -1 |
| 25 | 5 | -1 |
| 26 | 5 | -1 |
| 27 | 5 | -1 |
| 28 | 5 | -1 |
| 29 | 6 | -1 |
| 30 | 6 | -1 |
| 31 | 6 | -1 |
How January really feels in Issoire
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in January is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Issoire weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6° / -1° | 57 | 11.7 | 5 | 8.9 | 0.3 |
| Feb | 7° / -1° | 46 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 0.8 |
| Mar | 11° / 1° | 49 | 10.3 | 2.4 | 11.6 | 2.7 |
| Apr | 14° / 4° | 74 | 13 | 1.5 | 13.2 | 3.7 |
| May | 18° / 7° | 83 | 13.5 | 0.2 | 14.7 | 5.1 |
| Jun | 22° / 11° | 71 | 11.5 | 0 | 15.4 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 24° / 13° | 65 | 10.3 | 0 | 15.1 | 7.0 |
| Aug | 24° / 12° | 70 | 10.2 | 0 | 13.9 | 7.1 |
| Sep | 20° / 9° | 72 | 9.5 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 15° / 6° | 70 | 10.7 | 0.4 | 10.7 | 4.5 |
| Nov | 9° / 2° | 72 | 12.2 | 2.1 | 9.3 | 1.8 |
| Dec | 6° / 0° | 57 | 11.4 | 4 | 8.6 | 0.5 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 17% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 71%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 |
| Cloudier (%) | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 73 |
| 2 | 27 | 73 |
| 3 | 28 | 72 |
| 4 | 28 | 72 |
| 5 | 28 | 72 |
| 6 | 28 | 72 |
| 7 | 28 | 72 |
| 8 | 29 | 71 |
| 9 | 28 | 72 |
| 10 | 28 | 72 |
| 11 | 29 | 71 |
| 12 | 29 | 71 |
| 13 | 29 | 71 |
| 14 | 29 | 71 |
| 15 | 29 | 71 |
| 16 | 29 | 71 |
| 17 | 29 | 71 |
| 18 | 29 | 71 |
| 19 | 29 | 71 |
| 20 | 29 | 71 |
| 21 | 28 | 72 |
| 22 | 28 | 72 |
| 23 | 28 | 72 |
| 24 | 30 | 70 |
| 25 | 30 | 70 |
| 26 | 30 | 70 |
| 27 | 29 | 71 |
| 28 | 31 | 69 |
| 29 | 31 | 69 |
| 30 | 31 | 69 |
| 31 | 32 | 68 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Issoire gets around 57 mm of rain and snow over 11.7 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 37% and peaks near 39% on the wettest days, and about 5 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 |
| Snow chance (%) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37 | 13 |
| 2 | 37 | 13 |
| 3 | 37 | 13 |
| 4 | 37 | 13 |
| 5 | 37 | 12 |
| 6 | 37 | 12 |
| 7 | 36 | 12 |
| 8 | 36 | 12 |
| 9 | 36 | 13 |
| 10 | 36 | 13 |
| 11 | 36 | 13 |
| 12 | 36 | 13 |
| 13 | 36 | 14 |
| 14 | 37 | 15 |
| 15 | 37 | 15 |
| 16 | 37 | 16 |
| 17 | 38 | 16 |
| 18 | 38 | 17 |
| 19 | 39 | 17 |
| 20 | 39 | 18 |
| 21 | 39 | 18 |
| 22 | 39 | 19 |
| 23 | 39 | 19 |
| 24 | 39 | 20 |
| 25 | 39 | 20 |
| 26 | 39 | 20 |
| 27 | 38 | 20 |
| 28 | 38 | 20 |
| 29 | 38 | 20 |
| 30 | 37 | 20 |
| 31 | 37 | 20 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in January
Winds average 10 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 8 h 36 min at the start of January to 9 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 8:33 AM to 8:18 AM, and sunset from 5:07 PM to 5:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:33 | 8:32 | 8:32 | 8:32 | 8:31 | 8:31 | 8:30 | 8:30 | 8:29 | 8:29 | 8:28 | 8:28 | 8:27 | 8:26 | 8:25 | 8:25 | 8:24 | 8:23 | 8:22 | 8:21 | 8:20 | 8:19 | 8:18 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:14 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:07 |
| 2 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:08 |
| 3 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:09 |
| 4 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:10 |
| 5 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:11 |
| 6 | 8.6 | 8:33 | 5:12 |
| 7 | 8.7 | 8:33 | 5:13 |
| 8 | 8.7 | 8:33 | 5:14 |
| 9 | 8.7 | 8:33 | 5:15 |
| 10 | 8.7 | 8:32 | 5:16 |
| 11 | 8.7 | 8:32 | 5:17 |
| 12 | 8.8 | 8:32 | 5:18 |
| 13 | 8.8 | 8:31 | 5:19 |
| 14 | 8.8 | 8:31 | 5:20 |
| 15 | 8.8 | 8:30 | 5:21 |
| 16 | 8.9 | 8:30 | 5:23 |
| 17 | 8.9 | 8:29 | 5:24 |
| 18 | 8.9 | 8:29 | 5:25 |
| 19 | 9.0 | 8:28 | 5:26 |
| 20 | 9.0 | 8:28 | 5:28 |
| 21 | 9.0 | 8:27 | 5:29 |
| 22 | 9.1 | 8:26 | 5:30 |
| 23 | 9.1 | 8:25 | 5:32 |
| 24 | 9.1 | 8:25 | 5:33 |
| 25 | 9.2 | 8:24 | 5:34 |
| 26 | 9.2 | 8:23 | 5:36 |
| 27 | 9.2 | 8:22 | 5:37 |
| 28 | 9.3 | 8:21 | 5:38 |
| 29 | 9.3 | 8:20 | 5:40 |
| 30 | 9.4 | 8:19 | 5:41 |
| 31 | 9.4 | 8:18 | 5:43 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 1.37 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.15 kWh/m² to a high of 6.07 kWh/m² in July across the year — January's 1.37 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.8 | Dim |
Is January a good time to visit Issoire?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Issoire.
What to pack for Issoire in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Issoire sees daytime highs around 6°C and nights near -1°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: a heavy coat and rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in Issoire in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Issoire peaks around July 15 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Issoire?
Issoire sits at 45.5°N, 3.2°E, 393 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Cournon-d'Auvergne, 22 km away.
Topography around Issoire
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Issoire.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Issoire has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 205 m around an average of 413 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 797 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,612 m.
The land around Issoire is covered by cropland (34%), trees (23%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, trees (35%), grassland (32%) and cropland (29%) within 16 km, and grassland (45%) and trees (44%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Issoire (45.5442°, 3.249°, elevation 393 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).