Oyem weather in February
In February, Oyem sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 20°C, with 112 mm of rain across 17.1 wet days and about 11.9 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Oyem's 5th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Oyem's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 20°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 112 mm
- 17.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 54 min
- 6:30 AM – 6:27 PM
- Cloud cover
- 80%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.8 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.9
- out of 10
Oyem is city in Gabon.
- Founded
- 1904
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Oyem reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 20°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 20 |
| 2 | 30 | 20 |
| 3 | 30 | 20 |
| 4 | 30 | 20 |
| 5 | 30 | 20 |
| 6 | 30 | 20 |
| 7 | 30 | 20 |
| 8 | 30 | 20 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 |
| 10 | 30 | 20 |
| 11 | 30 | 20 |
| 12 | 30 | 20 |
| 13 | 30 | 20 |
| 14 | 30 | 20 |
| 15 | 30 | 20 |
| 16 | 30 | 20 |
| 17 | 30 | 20 |
| 18 | 30 | 20 |
| 19 | 30 | 20 |
| 20 | 30 | 20 |
| 21 | 30 | 20 |
| 22 | 30 | 20 |
| 23 | 30 | 20 |
| 24 | 30 | 20 |
| 25 | 30 | 20 |
| 26 | 30 | 20 |
| 27 | 30 | 20 |
| 28 | 30 | 20 |
How February really feels in Oyem
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 4 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Oyem weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 20° | 85 | 16.4 | 11.9 | 4.3 |
| Feb | 30° / 20° | 112 | 17.1 | 11.9 | 3.9 |
| Mar | 30° / 20° | 200 | 25.5 | 12 | 3.2 |
| Apr | 30° / 21° | 226 | 26.4 | 12 | 3.0 |
| May | 29° / 21° | 185 | 26.9 | 12.1 | 3.3 |
| Jun | 28° / 20° | 143 | 22.7 | 12.1 | 4.2 |
| Jul | 27° / 20° | 119 | 20.4 | 12.1 | 4.7 |
| Aug | 27° / 20° | 117 | 20.6 | 12.1 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 28° / 20° | 223 | 27.2 | 12 | 3.6 |
| Oct | 28° / 20° | 261 | 29.1 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Nov | 28° / 20° | 232 | 27.3 | 11.9 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 29° / 20° | 116 | 20.4 | 11.9 | 4.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 84%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 |
| Cloudier (%) | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 81 |
| 2 | 19 | 81 |
| 3 | 19 | 81 |
| 4 | 19 | 81 |
| 5 | 19 | 81 |
| 6 | 19 | 81 |
| 7 | 19 | 81 |
| 8 | 19 | 81 |
| 9 | 18 | 82 |
| 10 | 18 | 82 |
| 11 | 18 | 82 |
| 12 | 16 | 84 |
| 13 | 16 | 84 |
| 14 | 16 | 84 |
| 15 | 16 | 84 |
| 16 | 15 | 85 |
| 17 | 15 | 85 |
| 18 | 15 | 85 |
| 19 | 14 | 86 |
| 20 | 14 | 86 |
| 21 | 13 | 87 |
| 22 | 13 | 87 |
| 23 | 12 | 88 |
| 24 | 11 | 89 |
| 25 | 11 | 89 |
| 26 | 11 | 89 |
| 27 | 10 | 90 |
| 28 | 10 | 90 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Oyem gets around 112 mm of rain over 17.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 61% and peaks near 74% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 53 |
| 2 | 54 |
| 3 | 54 |
| 4 | 54 |
| 5 | 55 |
| 6 | 55 |
| 7 | 55 |
| 8 | 56 |
| 9 | 56 |
| 10 | 57 |
| 11 | 57 |
| 12 | 58 |
| 13 | 58 |
| 14 | 59 |
| 15 | 60 |
| 16 | 60 |
| 17 | 61 |
| 18 | 62 |
| 19 | 63 |
| 20 | 65 |
| 21 | 66 |
| 22 | 67 |
| 23 | 69 |
| 24 | 70 |
| 25 | 71 |
| 26 | 72 |
| 27 | 73 |
| 28 | 74 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 72% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 79 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 62 |
| Oppressive (%) | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 79 | 20 |
| 2 | 1 | 78 | 21 |
| 3 | 1 | 78 | 21 |
| 4 | 1 | 77 | 22 |
| 5 | 1 | 77 | 22 |
| 6 | 1 | 77 | 22 |
| 7 | 0 | 77 | 23 |
| 8 | 0 | 77 | 23 |
| 9 | 0 | 77 | 23 |
| 10 | 0 | 76 | 24 |
| 11 | 0 | 76 | 24 |
| 12 | 0 | 76 | 24 |
| 13 | 0 | 75 | 25 |
| 14 | 0 | 74 | 26 |
| 15 | 0 | 74 | 26 |
| 16 | 0 | 73 | 27 |
| 17 | 0 | 72 | 28 |
| 18 | 0 | 71 | 29 |
| 19 | 0 | 70 | 30 |
| 20 | 0 | 69 | 31 |
| 21 | 0 | 68 | 32 |
| 22 | 0 | 67 | 33 |
| 23 | 0 | 66 | 34 |
| 24 | 0 | 65 | 35 |
| 25 | 0 | 64 | 36 |
| 26 | 0 | 64 | 36 |
| 27 | 0 | 63 | 37 |
| 28 | 0 | 62 | 38 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:29 AM to 6:28 AM, and sunset from 6:25 PM to 6:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.9 | 6:29 | 6:25 |
| 2 | 11.9 | 6:29 | 6:25 |
| 3 | 11.9 | 6:29 | 6:26 |
| 4 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 5 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 6 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 7 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 8 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 9 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 10 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:26 |
| 11 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 12 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 13 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 14 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 15 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 16 | 11.9 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:27 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:27 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:27 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:27 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:27 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:26 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:26 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:26 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:28 | 6:26 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:28 | 6:26 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.8 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.94 kWh/m² to a high of 5 kWh/m² in March across the year — February's 4.8 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.9 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Oyem?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Oyem.
What to pack for Oyem in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Oyem sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 17 days see rain.
UV index in Oyem in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Oyem peaks around March 21 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 16 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 9 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 9 | Very high |
Air quality in Oyem in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Oyem is worst in February — around 48 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 5.3× the cleanest month (October, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 37 | 48 | 29 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 30 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 37 | Poor |
| Feb | 48 | Poor |
| Mar | 29 | Moderate |
| Apr | 20 | Moderate |
| May | 15 | Moderate |
| Jun | 19 | Moderate |
| Jul | 20 | Moderate |
| Aug | 16 | Moderate |
| Sep | 9 | Good |
| Oct | 9 | Good |
| Nov | 15 | Moderate |
| Dec | 30 | Moderate |
Where is Oyem?
Oyem sits at 1.6°N, 11.6°E, 656 m above sea level, in Gabon. The nearest listed city is Bitam, 54 km away.
Topography around Oyem
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Oyem.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Oyem has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 103 m around an average of 654 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 244 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 569 m.
The land around Oyem is covered by trees (63%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, trees (97%) within 16 km, and trees (100%) within 80 km.
Gabon travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $8,263
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Road deaths
- 23.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Oyem (1.5995°, 11.5793°, elevation 656 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).