Palencia weather in August

In August, Palencia sees average daytime highs of 29°C and overnight lows near 18°C, with 102 mm of rain across 14.6 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 12% of the time in August, and the air most often feels humid.

Daylight stretches from about 12 h 42 min at the start of August to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is Palencia's 9th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Palencia's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 29°; 4th warmest
Overnight low: 18°; 9th coldest
Rainfall: 102 mm; 14.6 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 30 min; 5:51 AM – 6:20 PM
Cloud cover: 73%; 9th clearest
Wind: 5 km/h; 8th windiest
Solar energy: 5.79 kWh/m²
Travel score: 4.7; out of 10

← July Palencia year-round climate September →Best places to visit in August

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in August

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month.

A typical August day in Palencia reaches about 29°C in the afternoon and slips back to 18°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs on par with July and on par with September.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29	29
Avg low (°C)	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	18
2	29	18
3	29	18
4	29	18
5	29	18
6	29	18
7	29	18
8	29	18
9	29	18
10	29	18
11	29	18
12	29	18
13	29	18
14	29	18
15	29	18
16	29	18
17	29	18
18	29	18
19	29	18
20	29	18
21	29	18
22	29	18
23	29	18
24	29	18
25	29	18
26	29	18
27	29	18
28	29	18
29	29	18
30	29	18
31	29	18

Palencia weather by month

How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 4th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	27° / 14°	2	0.5	11.2	8.3
Feb	29° / 15°	1	0.3	11.5	7.5
Mar	30° / 16°	4	0.8	11.9	6.3
Apr	31° / 17°	15	3.5	12.3	5.1
May	30° / 18°	78	12.2	12.7	4.4
Jun	29° / 18°	152	20.2	12.9	4.1
Jul	28° / 18°	82	12.5	12.8	5.2
Aug	29° / 18°	102	14.6	12.5	4.7
Sep	29° / 18°	165	20.3	12.1	4.2
Oct	27° / 17°	110	14	11.7	5.6
Nov	27° / 16°	22	3.2	11.3	7.5
Dec	27° / 15°	5	1	11.1	8.2

Cloud cover in August

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 12% of the time in August.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 71%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	36	35	34	34	33	33	32	32	31	31	30	30	29	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	27	26	26	26	25	24	24	24	23	22	22
Cloudier (%)	64	65	66	66	67	67	68	68	69	69	70	70	71	72	72	72	72	72	72	72	73	74	74	74	75	76	76	76	77	78	78

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	36	64
2	35	65
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	33	67
6	33	67
7	32	68
8	32	68
9	31	69
10	31	69
11	30	70
12	30	70
13	29	71
14	28	72
15	28	72
16	28	72
17	28	72
18	28	72
19	28	72
20	28	72
21	27	73
22	26	74
23	26	74
24	26	74
25	25	75
26	24	76
27	24	76
28	24	76
29	23	77
30	22	78
31	22	78

Chance of precipitation in August

Any precipitation

Palencia gets around 102 mm of rain over 14.6 wet days in August. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 48% and peaks near 60% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	39	39	40	40	41	41	42	42	43	43	44	44	45	45	46	46	47	48	48	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60

	Rain chance (%)
1	39
2	39
3	40
4	40
5	41
6	41
7	42
8	42
9	43
10	43
11	44
12	44
13	45
14	45
15	46
16	46
17	47
18	48
19	48
20	49
21	50
22	51
23	52
24	53
25	54
26	55
27	56
28	57
29	58
30	59
31	60

Humidity in August

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of August feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, August lands in the humid band about 74% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 6% of them.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Comfortable (%)	25	25	25	25	25	24	24	24	23	22	22	21	21	20	20	19	19	19	18	18	18	17	17	17	16	16	15	15	14	14	13
Humid (%)	71	70	70	70	70	71	70	70	71	73	73	74	74	75	75	76	76	76	77	77	76	77	76	76	76	76	77	77	77	77	78
Muggy (%)	4	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	8	9	9	9

	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	25	71	4
2	25	70	5
3	25	70	5
4	25	70	5
5	25	70	5
6	24	71	5
7	24	70	6
8	24	70	6
9	23	71	6
10	22	73	5
11	22	73	5
12	21	74	5
13	21	74	5
14	20	75	5
15	20	75	5
16	19	76	5
17	19	76	5
18	19	76	5
19	18	77	5
20	18	77	5
21	18	76	6
22	17	77	6
23	17	76	7
24	17	76	7
25	16	76	8
26	16	76	8
27	15	77	8
28	15	77	8
29	14	77	9
30	14	77	9
31	13	78	9

Wind in August

Winds average 5 km/h in August.

Across August, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	6	calm
2	6	calm
3	6	calm
4	6	calm
5	6	calm
6	6	calm
7	6	calm
8	5	calm
9	5	calm
10	5	calm
11	5	calm
12	5	calm
13	5	calm
14	5	calm
15	5	calm
16	5	calm
17	5	calm
18	5	calm
19	5	calm
20	5	calm
21	5	calm
22	5	calm
23	5	calm
24	5	calm
25	5	calm
26	5	calm
27	5	calm
28	5	calm
29	5	calm
30	5	calm
31	5	calm

Sunrise & sunset in August

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 12 h 42 min at the start of August to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 24 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 5:48 AM to 5:52 AM, and sunset from 6:27 PM to 6:11 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	12.7	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.4	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3
Sunrise (AM)	5:48	5:48	5:48	5:48	5:49	5:49	5:49	5:49	5:49	5:50	5:50	5:50	5:50	5:50	5:51	5:51	5:51	5:51	5:51	5:51	5:51	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52	5:52
Sunset (PM)	6:27	6:27	6:27	6:26	6:26	6:25	6:25	6:24	6:24	6:24	6:23	6:23	6:22	6:21	6:21	6:20	6:20	6:19	6:19	6:18	6:17	6:17	6:16	6:15	6:15	6:14	6:13	6:13	6:12	6:11	6:11

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	12.7	5:48	6:27
2	12.6	5:48	6:27
3	12.6	5:48	6:27
4	12.6	5:48	6:26
5	12.6	5:49	6:26
6	12.6	5:49	6:25
7	12.6	5:49	6:25
8	12.6	5:49	6:24
9	12.6	5:49	6:24
10	12.6	5:50	6:24
11	12.6	5:50	6:23
12	12.5	5:50	6:23
13	12.5	5:50	6:22
14	12.5	5:50	6:21
15	12.5	5:51	6:21
16	12.5	5:51	6:20
17	12.5	5:51	6:20
18	12.5	5:51	6:19
19	12.5	5:51	6:19
20	12.4	5:51	6:18
21	12.4	5:51	6:17
22	12.4	5:52	6:17
23	12.4	5:52	6:16
24	12.4	5:52	6:15
25	12.4	5:52	6:15
26	12.4	5:52	6:14
27	12.4	5:52	6:13
28	12.3	5:52	6:13
29	12.3	5:52	6:12
30	12.3	5:52	6:11
31	12.3	5:52	6:11

Solar energy in August

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 5.79 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.22 kWh/m² in April across the year — August's 5.79 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.5
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.0	Bright
2	6.0	Bright
3	6.0	Bright
4	5.9	Bright
5	5.9	Bright
6	5.9	Bright
7	5.9	Bright
8	5.9	Bright
9	5.9	Bright
10	5.9	Bright
11	5.9	Bright
12	5.8	Bright
13	5.8	Bright
14	5.8	Bright
15	5.8	Bright
16	5.8	Bright
17	5.8	Bright
18	5.8	Bright
19	5.7	Bright
20	5.7	Bright
21	5.7	Bright
22	5.7	Bright
23	5.7	Bright
24	5.7	Bright
25	5.7	Bright
26	5.6	Bright
27	5.6	Bright
28	5.6	Bright
29	5.6	Bright
30	5.6	Bright
31	5.5	Bright

Planning a trip in August

Hazard calendar for Palencia

In seasonPeak

In August, Palencia sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.

Palencia's rainy season runs May–October, when most of the year's rain falls.

Rainy season

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is August a good time to visit Palencia?

Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

4.7

Sightseeing

9th-best month of the year

6.1

Beach & pool

9th-best month of the year

August is a reasonable time to visit Palencia for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Palencia in August

From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In August, Palencia sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 18°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 15 days see rain.

light clothesrain gearsun protection

UV index in Palencia in August

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Palencia peaks around April 13 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 14 at about 9 (very high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	10	13	14	15	13	13	13	13	13	12	10	9
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Very high

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	10	Extreme
Feb	13	Extreme
Mar	14	Extreme
Apr	15	Extreme
May	13	Extreme
Jun	13	Extreme
Jul	13	Extreme
Aug	13	Extreme
Sep	13	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	10	Very high
Dec	9	Very high

Air quality in Palencia in August

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where August falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Palencia is worst in April — around 55 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.0× the cleanest month (November, 18 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	19	20	25	55	39	24	23	21	21	20	18	18
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Unhealthy	Poor	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	19	Moderate
Feb	20	Moderate
Mar	25	Moderate
Apr	55	Unhealthy
May	39	Poor
Jun	24	Moderate
Jul	23	Moderate
Aug	21	Moderate
Sep	21	Moderate
Oct	20	Moderate
Nov	18	Moderate
Dec	18	Moderate

Location & terrain

Where is Palencia?

Palencia sits at 14.7°N, 90.4°W, 1,368 m above sea level, in Guatemala. The nearest listed city is San José Pinula, 15 km away.

Topography around Palencia

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Palencia.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Palencia has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,037 m around an average of 1,396 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,923 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,937 m.

The land around Palencia is covered by trees (72%) within 3 km, trees (63%) within 16 km, and trees (62%) within 80 km.

3 km

1,037 m

trees 72%

16 km

1,923 m

trees 63%

80 km

3,937 m

trees 62%

treesshrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaces

← July Palencia year-round climate September →Best places to visit in August

August weather nearby: San José Pinula 15 km · Chinautla 16 km · San Pedro Ayampuc 16 km · Guatemala City 17 km · Santa Catarina Pinula 19 km · Sanarate 22 km · Fraijanes 24 km · Mixco 27 km

Guatemala travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 3; Reconsider Travel
Power plugs: Type A / B; 120 V · 60 Hz
Prices: ≈ 43% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $6,598; 2025
Happiness: 6.5 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 49%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 23.4; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 22.9; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Upper middle; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 510
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Palencia (14.6671°, -90.3572°, elevation 1,368 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	18
2	29	18
3	29	18
4	29	18
5	29	18
6	29	18
7	29	18
8	29	18
9	29	18
10	29	18
11	29	18
12	29	18
13	29	18
14	29	18
15	29	18
16	29	18
17	29	18
18	29	18
19	29	18
20	29	18
21	29	18
22	29	18
23	29	18
24	29	18
25	29	18
26	29	18
27	29	18
28	29	18
29	29	18
30	29	18
31	29	18

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	36	64
2	35	65
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	33	67
6	33	67
7	32	68
8	32	68
9	31	69
10	31	69
11	30	70
12	30	70
13	29	71
14	28	72
15	28	72
16	28	72
17	28	72
18	28	72
19	28	72
20	28	72
21	27	73
22	26	74
23	26	74
24	26	74
25	25	75
26	24	76
27	24	76
28	24	76
29	23	77
30	22	78
31	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	39
2	39
3	40
4	40
5	41
6	41
7	42
8	42
9	43
10	43
11	44
12	44
13	45
14	45
15	46
16	46
17	47
18	48
19	48
20	49
21	50
22	51
23	52
24	53
25	54
26	55
27	56
28	57
29	58
30	59
31	60

	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	25	71	4
2	25	70	5
3	25	70	5
4	25	70	5
5	25	70	5
6	24	71	5
7	24	70	6
8	24	70	6
9	23	71	6
10	22	73	5
11	22	73	5
12	21	74	5
13	21	74	5
14	20	75	5
15	20	75	5
16	19	76	5
17	19	76	5
18	19	76	5
19	18	77	5
20	18	77	5
21	18	76	6
22	17	77	6
23	17	76	7
24	17	76	7
25	16	76	8
26	16	76	8
27	15	77	8
28	15	77	8
29	14	77	9
30	14	77	9
31	13	78	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	18
2	29	18
3	29	18
4	29	18
5	29	18
6	29	18
7	29	18
8	29	18
9	29	18
10	29	18
11	29	18
12	29	18
13	29	18
14	29	18
15	29	18
16	29	18
17	29	18
18	29	18
19	29	18
20	29	18
21	29	18
22	29	18
23	29	18
24	29	18
25	29	18
26	29	18
27	29	18
28	29	18
29	29	18
30	29	18
31	29	18

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	36	64
2	35	65
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	33	67
6	33	67
7	32	68
8	32	68
9	31	69
10	31	69
11	30	70
12	30	70
13	29	71
14	28	72
15	28	72
16	28	72
17	28	72
18	28	72
19	28	72
20	28	72
21	27	73
22	26	74
23	26	74
24	26	74
25	25	75
26	24	76
27	24	76
28	24	76
29	23	77
30	22	78
31	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	39
2	39
3	40
4	40
5	41
6	41
7	42
8	42
9	43
10	43
11	44
12	44
13	45
14	45
15	46
16	46
17	47
18	48
19	48
20	49
21	50
22	51
23	52
24	53
25	54
26	55
27	56
28	57
29	58
30	59
31	60

	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	25	71	4
2	25	70	5
3	25	70	5
4	25	70	5
5	25	70	5
6	24	71	5
7	24	70	6
8	24	70	6
9	23	71	6
10	22	73	5
11	22	73	5
12	21	74	5
13	21	74	5
14	20	75	5
15	20	75	5
16	19	76	5
17	19	76	5
18	19	76	5
19	18	77	5
20	18	77	5
21	18	76	6
22	17	77	6
23	17	76	7
24	17	76	7
25	16	76	8
26	16	76	8
27	15	77	8
28	15	77	8
29	14	77	9
30	14	77	9
31	13	78	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	18
2	29	18
3	29	18
4	29	18
5	29	18
6	29	18
7	29	18
8	29	18
9	29	18
10	29	18
11	29	18
12	29	18
13	29	18
14	29	18
15	29	18
16	29	18
17	29	18
18	29	18
19	29	18
20	29	18
21	29	18
22	29	18
23	29	18
24	29	18
25	29	18
26	29	18
27	29	18
28	29	18
29	29	18
30	29	18
31	29	18

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	36	64
2	35	65
3	34	66
4	34	66
5	33	67
6	33	67
7	32	68
8	32	68
9	31	69
10	31	69
11	30	70
12	30	70
13	29	71
14	28	72
15	28	72
16	28	72
17	28	72
18	28	72
19	28	72
20	28	72
21	27	73
22	26	74
23	26	74
24	26	74
25	25	75
26	24	76
27	24	76
28	24	76
29	23	77
30	22	78
31	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	39
2	39
3	40
4	40
5	41
6	41
7	42
8	42
9	43
10	43
11	44
12	44
13	45
14	45
15	46
16	46
17	47
18	48
19	48
20	49
21	50
22	51
23	52
24	53
25	54
26	55
27	56
28	57
29	58
30	59
31	60

	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	25	71	4
2	25	70	5
3	25	70	5
4	25	70	5
5	25	70	5
6	24	71	5
7	24	70	6
8	24	70	6
9	23	71	6
10	22	73	5
11	22	73	5
12	21	74	5
13	21	74	5
14	20	75	5
15	20	75	5
16	19	76	5
17	19	76	5
18	19	76	5
19	18	77	5
20	18	77	5
21	18	76	6
22	17	77	6
23	17	76	7
24	17	76	7
25	16	76	8
26	16	76	8
27	15	77	8
28	15	77	8
29	14	77	9
30	14	77	9
31	13	78	9