Leh weather in August
In August, Leh sees average daytime highs of 16°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 54 mm of precipitation across 13.6 wet days and about 13.3 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 14°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in August, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 42 min at the start of August to 12 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is Leh's 7th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Leh's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 16°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 12th coldest
- Precipitation
- 54 mm
- 13.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 18 min
- 5:45 AM – 7:02 PM
- Cloud cover
- 53%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.64 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.6
- out of 10
Leh is city, one of the capitals of Ladakh, India.
- Density
- 1/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- ~800 CE
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in August
Highs ease over the month, from about 16°C in the first days to 14°C by the end.
A typical August day in Leh reaches about 16°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 12°C and 19°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs about 1°C warmer than July and about 5°C warmer than September.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | 5 |
| 2 | 16 | 5 |
| 3 | 16 | 5 |
| 4 | 16 | 5 |
| 5 | 16 | 5 |
| 6 | 16 | 5 |
| 7 | 16 | 5 |
| 8 | 16 | 5 |
| 9 | 16 | 5 |
| 10 | 16 | 5 |
| 11 | 16 | 5 |
| 12 | 16 | 5 |
| 13 | 16 | 5 |
| 14 | 16 | 5 |
| 15 | 16 | 5 |
| 16 | 16 | 5 |
| 17 | 16 | 5 |
| 18 | 16 | 5 |
| 19 | 16 | 4 |
| 20 | 15 | 4 |
| 21 | 15 | 4 |
| 22 | 15 | 4 |
| 23 | 15 | 4 |
| 24 | 15 | 4 |
| 25 | 15 | 4 |
| 26 | 15 | 4 |
| 27 | 15 | 4 |
| 28 | 15 | 3 |
| 29 | 14 | 3 |
| 30 | 14 | 3 |
| 31 | 14 | 3 |
How August really feels in Leh
Once humidity and wind are folded in, August averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
August sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Leh weather by month
How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 1st-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -15° / -25° | 23 | 6.6 | 10.4 | 10 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -13° / -22° | 30 | 8 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -9° / -18° | 35 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 0.0 |
| Apr | -4° / -15° | 36 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 12.8 | 0.0 |
| May | 2° / -10° | 39 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 13.8 | 0.0 |
| Jun | 8° / -4° | 38 | 9.8 | 6 | 14.2 | 1.6 |
| Jul | 15° / 3° | 45 | 11.7 | 1.9 | 14 | 4.3 |
| Aug | 16° / 5° | 54 | 13.6 | 1.1 | 13.3 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 11° / -1° | 30 | 8.1 | 3.4 | 12.2 | 2.9 |
| Oct | 3° / -11° | 13 | 4 | 4.3 | 11.1 | 0.2 |
| Nov | -6° / -19° | 14 | 4.1 | 6 | 10.2 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -13° / -24° | 16 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 9.8 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in August
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in August.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 39% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 34%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 |
| Cloudier (%) | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 34 | 34 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 62 | 38 |
| 2 | 62 | 38 |
| 3 | 61 | 39 |
| 4 | 61 | 39 |
| 5 | 60 | 40 |
| 6 | 60 | 40 |
| 7 | 61 | 39 |
| 8 | 61 | 39 |
| 9 | 61 | 39 |
| 10 | 61 | 39 |
| 11 | 62 | 38 |
| 12 | 63 | 37 |
| 13 | 64 | 36 |
| 14 | 64 | 36 |
| 15 | 66 | 34 |
| 16 | 66 | 34 |
| 17 | 68 | 32 |
| 18 | 68 | 32 |
| 19 | 69 | 31 |
| 20 | 69 | 31 |
| 21 | 70 | 30 |
| 22 | 70 | 30 |
| 23 | 71 | 29 |
| 24 | 71 | 29 |
| 25 | 72 | 28 |
| 26 | 72 | 28 |
| 27 | 72 | 28 |
| 28 | 72 | 28 |
| 29 | 72 | 28 |
| 30 | 72 | 28 |
| 31 | 72 | 28 |
Chance of precipitation in August
Leh gets around 54 mm of rain and snow over 13.6 wet days in August, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 43% and peaks near 48% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
| Snow chance (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44 | 2 |
| 2 | 45 | 2 |
| 3 | 46 | 2 |
| 4 | 46 | 3 |
| 5 | 47 | 3 |
| 6 | 48 | 3 |
| 7 | 48 | 3 |
| 8 | 48 | 3 |
| 9 | 48 | 3 |
| 10 | 48 | 3 |
| 11 | 48 | 3 |
| 12 | 47 | 3 |
| 13 | 47 | 3 |
| 14 | 46 | 3 |
| 15 | 45 | 3 |
| 16 | 44 | 3 |
| 17 | 43 | 3 |
| 18 | 42 | 3 |
| 19 | 41 | 3 |
| 20 | 40 | 3 |
| 21 | 40 | 4 |
| 22 | 39 | 4 |
| 23 | 39 | 4 |
| 24 | 39 | 5 |
| 25 | 38 | 5 |
| 26 | 38 | 5 |
| 27 | 38 | 6 |
| 28 | 38 | 7 |
| 29 | 38 | 7 |
| 30 | 38 | 8 |
| 31 | 38 | 8 |
Humidity in August
Most of August feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, August lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in August
Winds average 3 km/h in August.
Across August, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 3 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
| 29 | 3 | calm |
| 30 | 3 | calm |
| 31 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in August
Daylight runs from about 13 h 42 min at the start of August to 12 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 54 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 5:34 AM to 5:56 AM, and sunset from 7:17 PM to 6:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.7 | 5:34 | 7:17 |
| 2 | 13.7 | 5:35 | 7:17 |
| 3 | 13.7 | 5:36 | 7:16 |
| 4 | 13.6 | 5:36 | 7:15 |
| 5 | 13.6 | 5:37 | 7:14 |
| 6 | 13.6 | 5:38 | 7:13 |
| 7 | 13.6 | 5:38 | 7:12 |
| 8 | 13.5 | 5:39 | 7:11 |
| 9 | 13.5 | 5:40 | 7:10 |
| 10 | 13.5 | 5:41 | 7:09 |
| 11 | 13.4 | 5:41 | 7:08 |
| 12 | 13.4 | 5:42 | 7:07 |
| 13 | 13.4 | 5:43 | 7:06 |
| 14 | 13.3 | 5:44 | 7:05 |
| 15 | 13.3 | 5:44 | 7:03 |
| 16 | 13.3 | 5:45 | 7:02 |
| 17 | 13.3 | 5:46 | 7:01 |
| 18 | 13.2 | 5:47 | 7:00 |
| 19 | 13.2 | 5:47 | 6:59 |
| 20 | 13.2 | 5:48 | 6:58 |
| 21 | 13.1 | 5:49 | 6:56 |
| 22 | 13.1 | 5:50 | 6:55 |
| 23 | 13.1 | 5:50 | 6:54 |
| 24 | 13.0 | 5:51 | 6:53 |
| 25 | 13.0 | 5:52 | 6:51 |
| 26 | 13.0 | 5:53 | 6:50 |
| 27 | 12.9 | 5:53 | 6:49 |
| 28 | 12.9 | 5:54 | 6:47 |
| 29 | 12.9 | 5:55 | 6:46 |
| 30 | 12.8 | 5:55 | 6:45 |
| 31 | 12.8 | 5:56 | 6:43 |
Solar energy in August
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 6.64 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.48 kWh/m² to a high of 8.28 kWh/m² in May across the year — August's 6.64 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 31 | 6.3 | Intense |
Is August a good time to visit Leh?
Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
August is a reasonable time to visit Leh for sightseeing.
What to pack for Leh in August
From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In August, Leh sees daytime highs around 16°C and nights near 5°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer and rain gear. About 14 days see rain.
UV index in Leh in August
Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Leh peaks around June 19 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 11 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | High |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 15 | Extreme |
| Jul | 15 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | Moderate |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Where is Leh?
Leh sits at 34.2°N, 77.6°E, 3,502 m above sea level, in India. The nearest listed city is Skardu, 218 km away.
Topography around Leh
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Leh.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Leh has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 842 m around an average of 3,615 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,635 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,688 m.
The land around Leh is covered by bare terrain (80%) within 3 km, bare terrain (84%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (81%) within 80 km.
India travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 23% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $2,702
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.8
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 15.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 484
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Leh (34.165°, 77.584°, elevation 3,502 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).