Khalīfān weather in September
In September, Khalīfān sees average daytime highs of 32°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 4 mm of rain across 1.2 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 34°C in the first days to 29°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 93% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 48 min at the start of September to 11 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Khalīfān's 1st-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Khalīfān's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 32°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 4 mm
- 1.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 5:50 AM – 6:04 PM
- Cloud cover
- 9%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.04 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.7
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 34°C in the first days to 29°C by the end.
A typical September day in Khalīfān reaches about 32°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 15°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 4°C cooler than August and about 7°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | 19 |
| 2 | 34 | 19 |
| 3 | 34 | 18 |
| 4 | 34 | 18 |
| 5 | 34 | 18 |
| 6 | 33 | 18 |
| 7 | 33 | 18 |
| 8 | 33 | 18 |
| 9 | 33 | 17 |
| 10 | 33 | 17 |
| 11 | 33 | 17 |
| 12 | 32 | 17 |
| 13 | 32 | 17 |
| 14 | 32 | 16 |
| 15 | 32 | 16 |
| 16 | 32 | 16 |
| 17 | 31 | 16 |
| 18 | 31 | 16 |
| 19 | 31 | 16 |
| 20 | 31 | 16 |
| 21 | 30 | 15 |
| 22 | 30 | 15 |
| 23 | 30 | 15 |
| 24 | 30 | 15 |
| 25 | 30 | 15 |
| 26 | 29 | 14 |
| 27 | 29 | 14 |
| 28 | 29 | 14 |
| 29 | 29 | 14 |
| 30 | 28 | 14 |
How September really feels in Khalīfān
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 13 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Khalīfān weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 3rd-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7° / -2° | 156 | 12.3 | 8.4 | 9.8 | 0.8 |
| Feb | 8° / -1° | 160 | 12.9 | 7.2 | 10.6 | 1.4 |
| Mar | 13° / 3° | 174 | 14.2 | 4 | 11.7 | 3.3 |
| Apr | 18° / 8° | 139 | 13.3 | 0.3 | 12.9 | 5.5 |
| May | 25° / 12° | 68 | 9.8 | 0 | 13.9 | 7.1 |
| Jun | 32° / 17° | 5 | 1.6 | 0 | 14.5 | 5.6 |
| Jul | 36° / 21° | 2 | 0.5 | 0 | 14.2 | 2.9 |
| Aug | 36° / 21° | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 13.4 | 2.8 |
| Sep | 32° / 16° | 4 | 1.2 | 0 | 12.2 | 5.7 |
| Oct | 24° / 11° | 56 | 6 | 0 | 11.1 | 7.8 |
| Nov | 15° / 5° | 110 | 9.2 | 0.7 | 10 | 4.9 |
| Dec | 9° / 0° | 138 | 10.5 | 4.5 | 9.5 | 1.9 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 93% of the time in September, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 5% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 2%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 93 |
| Cloudier (%) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 99 | 1 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 99 | 1 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 99 | 1 |
| 15 | 99 | 1 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 98 | 2 |
| 21 | 98 | 2 |
| 22 | 97 | 3 |
| 23 | 96 | 4 |
| 24 | 96 | 4 |
| 25 | 96 | 4 |
| 26 | 95 | 5 |
| 27 | 95 | 5 |
| 28 | 95 | 5 |
| 29 | 95 | 5 |
| 30 | 93 | 7 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Khalīfān gets around 4 mm of rain over 1.2 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 4% and peaks near 8% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 2 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 |
| 9 | 2 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 11 | 3 |
| 12 | 3 |
| 13 | 3 |
| 14 | 3 |
| 15 | 3 |
| 16 | 4 |
| 17 | 4 |
| 18 | 4 |
| 19 | 4 |
| 20 | 5 |
| 21 | 5 |
| 22 | 5 |
| 23 | 6 |
| 24 | 6 |
| 25 | 7 |
| 26 | 7 |
| 27 | 7 |
| 28 | 7 |
| 29 | 8 |
| 30 | 8 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 6 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 48 min at the start of September to 11 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 66 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:38 AM to 6:02 AM, and sunset from 6:27 PM to 5:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:27 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:13 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:02 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:48 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:43 | 5:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.8 | 5:38 | 6:27 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 5:38 | 6:25 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 5:39 | 6:24 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 5:40 | 6:22 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 5:41 | 6:21 |
| 6 | 12.6 | 5:42 | 6:19 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 5:42 | 6:18 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 5:43 | 6:16 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:44 | 6:15 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 5:45 | 6:13 |
| 11 | 12.4 | 5:46 | 6:11 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 5:47 | 6:10 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 5:47 | 6:08 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 5:48 | 6:07 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 5:49 | 6:05 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 5:50 | 6:04 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 5:51 | 6:02 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 5:51 | 6:00 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 5:52 | 5:59 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 5:53 | 5:57 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:54 | 5:56 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:55 | 5:54 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:56 | 5:53 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 5:56 | 5:51 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 5:57 | 5:50 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 5:58 | 5:48 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 5:59 | 5:46 |
| 28 | 11.8 | 6:00 | 5:45 |
| 29 | 11.7 | 6:01 | 5:43 |
| 30 | 11.7 | 6:02 | 5:42 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.04 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.31 kWh/m² to a high of 7.9 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 6.04 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.3 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Khalīfān
None of Khalīfān's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Khalīfān's rainy season runs November–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Khalīfān sees seasonal dust haze (May), heaviest in May.
Is September a good time to visit Khalīfān?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Khalīfān for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Khalīfān in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Khalīfān sees daytime highs around 32°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Khalīfān in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 8 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Khalīfān peaks around June 21 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Khalīfān in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Khalīfān is worst in April — around 38 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 26 | 30 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 25 | 25 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26 | Moderate |
| Feb | 30 | Moderate |
| Mar | 37 | Poor |
| Apr | 38 | Poor |
| May | 37 | Poor |
| Jun | 30 | Moderate |
| Jul | 29 | Moderate |
| Aug | 29 | Moderate |
| Sep | 28 | Moderate |
| Oct | 29 | Moderate |
| Nov | 25 | Moderate |
| Dec | 25 | Moderate |
Where is Khalīfān?
Khalīfān sits at 36.6°N, 44.4°E, 648 m above sea level, in Iraq. The nearest listed city is Ḩarir, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Khalīfān
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Khalīfān.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Khalīfān has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,076 m around an average of 883 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,731 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,463 m.
The land around Khalīfān is covered by grassland (77%) within 3 km, grassland (69%) within 16 km, and grassland (67%) and cropland (21%) within 80 km.
Iraq travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,410
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 60%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 9.5
- per 100k, 2013
- Road deaths
- 27.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 406
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Khalīfān (36.6087°, 44.4048°, elevation 648 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).