Kalbatau weather in April
In April, Kalbatau sees average daytime highs of 13°C and overnight lows near 0°C, with 32 mm of precipitation across 7.5 wet days and about 13.4 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 7°C in the first days to 17°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in April, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 30 min at the start of April to 14 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, April is Kalbatau's 7th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kalbatau's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 13°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 0°
- 7th coldest
- Precipitation
- 32 mm
- 7.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 13 h 30 min
- 5:50 AM – 7:18 PM
- Cloud cover
- 57%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 13 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.25 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.8
- out of 10
Kalbatau is village in Abai region, Kazakhstan.
- Founded
- 1893
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in April
Highs climb over the month, from about 7°C in the first days to 17°C by the end.
A typical April day in Kalbatau reaches about 13°C in the afternoon and slips back to 0°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 4°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, April runs about 14°C warmer than March and about 8°C cooler than May.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 |
| Avg low (°C) | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | -4 |
| 2 | 7 | -4 |
| 3 | 7 | -3 |
| 4 | 8 | -3 |
| 5 | 8 | -3 |
| 6 | 9 | -2 |
| 7 | 9 | -2 |
| 8 | 10 | -2 |
| 9 | 10 | -2 |
| 10 | 11 | -1 |
| 11 | 11 | -1 |
| 12 | 12 | -1 |
| 13 | 12 | 0 |
| 14 | 13 | 0 |
| 15 | 13 | 0 |
| 16 | 14 | 1 |
| 17 | 14 | 1 |
| 18 | 14 | 1 |
| 19 | 15 | 2 |
| 20 | 15 | 2 |
| 21 | 15 | 2 |
| 22 | 16 | 2 |
| 23 | 16 | 3 |
| 24 | 16 | 3 |
| 25 | 17 | 3 |
| 26 | 17 | 3 |
| 27 | 17 | 3 |
| 28 | 17 | 4 |
| 29 | 17 | 4 |
| 30 | 18 | 4 |
How April really feels in Kalbatau
Once humidity and wind are folded in, April averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 26 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in April is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Kalbatau weather by month
How April compares with the rest of the year at a glance. April is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -11° / -18° | 22 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 8.4 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -9° / -17° | 20 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9.8 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -1° / -10° | 25 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 11.5 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 13° / 0° | 32 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 13.4 | 3.8 |
| May | 21° / 7° | 32 | 7.8 | 0.3 | 15.1 | 6.9 |
| Jun | 26° / 13° | 32 | 7.7 | 0 | 16 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 28° / 15° | 43 | 10.1 | 0 | 15.6 | 6.5 |
| Aug | 26° / 12° | 28 | 6.1 | 0 | 14.2 | 7.5 |
| Sep | 20° / 6° | 23 | 5.5 | 0 | 12.4 | 7.1 |
| Oct | 11° / 0° | 33 | 7.2 | 1.9 | 10.5 | 3.1 |
| Nov | -1° / -9° | 38 | 8.2 | 7 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -8° / -15° | 32 | 7.8 | 9 | 8 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in April
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in April.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of April, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 51%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 |
| Cloudier (%) | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 55 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 45 | 55 |
| 4 | 46 | 54 |
| 5 | 46 | 54 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 48 | 52 |
| 9 | 48 | 52 |
| 10 | 48 | 52 |
| 11 | 49 | 51 |
| 12 | 49 | 51 |
| 13 | 49 | 51 |
| 14 | 50 | 50 |
| 15 | 50 | 50 |
| 16 | 51 | 49 |
| 17 | 51 | 49 |
| 18 | 50 | 50 |
| 19 | 50 | 50 |
| 20 | 50 | 50 |
| 21 | 50 | 50 |
| 22 | 49 | 51 |
| 23 | 50 | 50 |
| 24 | 50 | 50 |
| 25 | 50 | 50 |
| 26 | 52 | 48 |
| 27 | 52 | 48 |
| 28 | 52 | 48 |
| 29 | 52 | 48 |
| 30 | 53 | 47 |
Chance of precipitation in April
Kalbatau gets around 32 mm of rain and snow over 7.5 wet days in April. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 24% and peaks near 25% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 |
| Snow chance (%) | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 13 |
| 2 | 25 | 12 |
| 3 | 25 | 12 |
| 4 | 24 | 12 |
| 5 | 24 | 11 |
| 6 | 24 | 10 |
| 7 | 24 | 10 |
| 8 | 24 | 9 |
| 9 | 24 | 8 |
| 10 | 24 | 8 |
| 11 | 24 | 7 |
| 12 | 24 | 7 |
| 13 | 24 | 6 |
| 14 | 24 | 6 |
| 15 | 24 | 6 |
| 16 | 24 | 5 |
| 17 | 24 | 5 |
| 18 | 24 | 5 |
| 19 | 25 | 5 |
| 20 | 25 | 5 |
| 21 | 25 | 4 |
| 22 | 25 | 4 |
| 23 | 25 | 4 |
| 24 | 25 | 4 |
| 25 | 25 | 4 |
| 26 | 24 | 4 |
| 27 | 24 | 3 |
| 28 | 24 | 3 |
| 29 | 23 | 3 |
| 30 | 23 | 2 |
Humidity in April
Most of April feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, April lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in April
Winds average 13 km/h in April.
Across April, daily wind ranges from about 13 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | light breeze |
| 2 | 13 | light breeze |
| 3 | 13 | light breeze |
| 4 | 13 | light breeze |
| 5 | 13 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 13 | light breeze |
| 9 | 13 | light breeze |
| 10 | 13 | light breeze |
| 11 | 13 | light breeze |
| 12 | 13 | light breeze |
| 13 | 13 | light breeze |
| 14 | 13 | light breeze |
| 15 | 13 | light breeze |
| 16 | 13 | light breeze |
| 17 | 13 | light breeze |
| 18 | 13 | light breeze |
| 19 | 13 | light breeze |
| 20 | 13 | light breeze |
| 21 | 13 | light breeze |
| 22 | 13 | light breeze |
| 23 | 13 | light breeze |
| 24 | 13 | light breeze |
| 25 | 13 | light breeze |
| 26 | 13 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
| 29 | 13 | light breeze |
| 30 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in April
Daylight runs from about 12 h 30 min at the start of April to 14 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 108 minutes over April. Sunrise moves from 6:22 AM to 5:23 AM, and sunset from 6:55 PM to 7:39 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:22 | 6:20 | 6:18 | 6:15 | 6:13 | 6:11 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:05 | 6:02 | 6:00 | 5:58 | 5:56 | 5:54 | 5:52 | 5:50 | 5:48 | 5:46 | 5:44 | 5:42 | 5:40 | 5:38 | 5:36 | 5:34 | 5:32 | 5:30 | 5:28 | 5:26 | 5:24 | 5:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:01 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:18 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:29 | 7:30 | 7:32 | 7:33 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:38 | 7:39 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.5 | 6:22 | 6:55 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 6:20 | 6:56 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 6:18 | 6:58 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 6:15 | 6:59 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 6:13 | 7:01 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 6:11 | 7:03 |
| 7 | 12.9 | 6:09 | 7:04 |
| 8 | 13.0 | 6:07 | 7:06 |
| 9 | 13.0 | 6:05 | 7:07 |
| 10 | 13.1 | 6:02 | 7:09 |
| 11 | 13.2 | 6:00 | 7:10 |
| 12 | 13.2 | 5:58 | 7:12 |
| 13 | 13.3 | 5:56 | 7:13 |
| 14 | 13.3 | 5:54 | 7:15 |
| 15 | 13.4 | 5:52 | 7:16 |
| 16 | 13.5 | 5:50 | 7:18 |
| 17 | 13.5 | 5:48 | 7:20 |
| 18 | 13.6 | 5:46 | 7:21 |
| 19 | 13.6 | 5:44 | 7:23 |
| 20 | 13.7 | 5:42 | 7:24 |
| 21 | 13.8 | 5:40 | 7:26 |
| 22 | 13.8 | 5:38 | 7:27 |
| 23 | 13.9 | 5:36 | 7:29 |
| 24 | 13.9 | 5:34 | 7:30 |
| 25 | 14.0 | 5:32 | 7:32 |
| 26 | 14.1 | 5:30 | 7:33 |
| 27 | 14.1 | 5:28 | 7:35 |
| 28 | 14.2 | 5:26 | 7:36 |
| 29 | 14.2 | 5:24 | 7:38 |
| 30 | 14.3 | 5:23 | 7:39 |
Solar energy in April
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in April, about 5.25 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.11 kWh/m² to a high of 6.76 kWh/m² in June across the year — April's 5.25 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.9 | Bright |
Is April a good time to visit Kalbatau?
Our two travel scores rate April for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
April is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Kalbatau.
What to pack for Kalbatau in April
From April's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In April, Kalbatau sees daytime highs around 13°C and nights near 0°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and sun protection. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Kalbatau in April
Clear-sky midday UV in April peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kalbatau peaks around July 18 at about 7 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | High | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 7 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Kalbatau?
Kalbatau sits at 49.3°N, 81.6°E, 414 m above sea level, in Kazakhstan. The nearest listed city is Ust-Kamenogorsk, 103 km away.
Topography around Kalbatau
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kalbatau.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kalbatau has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 20 m around an average of 422 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 215 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,232 m.
The land around Kalbatau is covered by grassland (78%) within 3 km, grassland (94%) within 16 km, and grassland (96%) within 80 km.
Kazakhstan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 33% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,692
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 92%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.6
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 417
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kalbatau (49.3301°, 81.5727°, elevation 414 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).