Mahajanga weather in February
In February, Mahajanga sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 311 mm of rain across 24 wet days and about 12.5 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 12% of the time in February, and the air most often feels miserable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Mahajanga's 11th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Mahajanga's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 25°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 311 mm
- 24 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 30 min
- 5:54 AM – 6:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 77%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.3 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.1
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Mahajanga reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 4°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 25 |
| 2 | 29 | 25 |
| 3 | 29 | 25 |
| 4 | 29 | 25 |
| 5 | 30 | 25 |
| 6 | 30 | 25 |
| 7 | 30 | 25 |
| 8 | 30 | 25 |
| 9 | 30 | 25 |
| 10 | 30 | 25 |
| 11 | 30 | 25 |
| 12 | 30 | 25 |
| 13 | 30 | 25 |
| 14 | 30 | 25 |
| 15 | 30 | 25 |
| 16 | 30 | 25 |
| 17 | 30 | 25 |
| 18 | 30 | 25 |
| 19 | 30 | 25 |
| 20 | 30 | 25 |
| 21 | 30 | 25 |
| 22 | 30 | 25 |
| 23 | 30 | 25 |
| 24 | 30 | 25 |
| 25 | 30 | 25 |
| 26 | 30 | 25 |
| 27 | 30 | 25 |
| 28 | 30 | 25 |
How February really feels in Mahajanga
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Mahajanga weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 9th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 25° | 431 | 28.5 | 12.8 | 3.0 |
| Feb | 30° / 25° | 311 | 24 | 12.5 | 3.1 |
| Mar | 31° / 26° | 197 | 21 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 32° / 25° | 43 | 8.3 | 11.7 | 4.7 |
| May | 31° / 24° | 6 | 1.1 | 11.3 | 6.0 |
| Jun | 30° / 22° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.1 | 6.9 |
| Jul | 29° / 21° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.2 | 7.3 |
| Aug | 30° / 21° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.5 | 7.0 |
| Sep | 30° / 23° | 3 | 0.6 | 11.9 | 6.5 |
| Oct | 31° / 24° | 17 | 4.3 | 12.4 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 31° / 25° | 80 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 4.2 |
| Dec | 30° / 25° | 205 | 24 | 12.9 | 3.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 12% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 74%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 22 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 32 |
| Cloudier (%) | 78 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 70 | 70 | 68 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 78 |
| 2 | 22 | 78 |
| 3 | 24 | 76 |
| 4 | 25 | 75 |
| 5 | 25 | 75 |
| 6 | 26 | 74 |
| 7 | 26 | 74 |
| 8 | 27 | 73 |
| 9 | 28 | 72 |
| 10 | 28 | 72 |
| 11 | 28 | 72 |
| 12 | 26 | 74 |
| 13 | 26 | 74 |
| 14 | 26 | 74 |
| 15 | 25 | 75 |
| 16 | 25 | 75 |
| 17 | 24 | 76 |
| 18 | 24 | 76 |
| 19 | 25 | 75 |
| 20 | 25 | 75 |
| 21 | 25 | 75 |
| 22 | 27 | 73 |
| 23 | 27 | 73 |
| 24 | 27 | 73 |
| 25 | 28 | 72 |
| 26 | 30 | 70 |
| 27 | 30 | 70 |
| 28 | 32 | 68 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Mahajanga gets around 311 mm of rain over 24 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 86% and peaks near 90% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 90 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 83 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 90 |
| 2 | 90 |
| 3 | 89 |
| 4 | 88 |
| 5 | 87 |
| 6 | 87 |
| 7 | 86 |
| 8 | 86 |
| 9 | 86 |
| 10 | 86 |
| 11 | 86 |
| 12 | 86 |
| 13 | 86 |
| 14 | 86 |
| 15 | 87 |
| 16 | 87 |
| 17 | 87 |
| 18 | 87 |
| 19 | 87 |
| 20 | 87 |
| 21 | 87 |
| 22 | 86 |
| 23 | 86 |
| 24 | 85 |
| 25 | 85 |
| 26 | 84 |
| 27 | 83 |
| 28 | 83 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels miserable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the miserable band about 61% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oppressive (%) | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 |
| Miserable (%) | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 |
| Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37 | 63 |
| 2 | 37 | 63 |
| 3 | 38 | 62 |
| 4 | 38 | 62 |
| 5 | 38 | 62 |
| 6 | 38 | 62 |
| 7 | 38 | 62 |
| 8 | 38 | 62 |
| 9 | 38 | 62 |
| 10 | 38 | 62 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 38 | 62 |
| 13 | 38 | 62 |
| 14 | 39 | 61 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 39 | 61 |
| 18 | 39 | 61 |
| 19 | 40 | 60 |
| 20 | 40 | 60 |
| 21 | 40 | 60 |
| 22 | 40 | 60 |
| 23 | 41 | 59 |
| 24 | 41 | 59 |
| 25 | 41 | 59 |
| 26 | 41 | 59 |
| 27 | 42 | 58 |
| 28 | 42 | 58 |
Wind in February
Winds average 10 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 42 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:47 AM to 5:58 AM, and sunset from 6:29 PM to 6:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.7 | 5:47 | 6:29 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 5:48 | 6:29 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 5:48 | 6:29 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 5:49 | 6:28 |
| 5 | 12.6 | 5:49 | 6:28 |
| 6 | 12.6 | 5:50 | 6:28 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 5:50 | 6:28 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 5:51 | 6:27 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 5:51 | 6:27 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 5:52 | 6:27 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 5:52 | 6:27 |
| 12 | 12.6 | 5:52 | 6:26 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 5:53 | 6:26 |
| 14 | 12.5 | 5:53 | 6:25 |
| 15 | 12.5 | 5:54 | 6:25 |
| 16 | 12.5 | 5:54 | 6:25 |
| 17 | 12.5 | 5:54 | 6:24 |
| 18 | 12.5 | 5:55 | 6:24 |
| 19 | 12.5 | 5:55 | 6:23 |
| 20 | 12.5 | 5:55 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 12.4 | 5:56 | 6:22 |
| 22 | 12.4 | 5:56 | 6:22 |
| 23 | 12.4 | 5:56 | 6:21 |
| 24 | 12.4 | 5:57 | 6:21 |
| 25 | 12.4 | 5:57 | 6:20 |
| 26 | 12.4 | 5:57 | 6:20 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 5:57 | 6:19 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 5:58 | 6:19 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.3 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.93 kWh/m² to a high of 7.13 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 5.3 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Mahajanga
In February, Mahajanga sits inside its cyclone and monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Mahajanga sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Mahajanga's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Mahajanga?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Mahajanga.
What to pack for Mahajanga in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Mahajanga sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 24 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Mahajanga in February
The nearest coast averages about 29°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in March at about 30°C and coldest in August near 25°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 29 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Tropical | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Tropical |
| Feb | 29 | Tropical |
| Mar | 30 | Tropical |
| Apr | 30 | Tropical |
| May | 28 | Tropical |
| Jun | 27 | Warm |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 25 | Warm |
| Sep | 26 | Warm |
| Oct | 27 | Warm |
| Nov | 29 | Tropical |
| Dec | 29 | Tropical |
UV index in Mahajanga in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mahajanga peaks around February 14 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 7 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Mahajanga?
Mahajanga sits at 15.7°S, 46.3°E, 20 m above sea level, in Madagascar. The nearest listed city is Marovoay, 56 km away.
Topography around Mahajanga
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mahajanga.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mahajanga has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 45 m around an average of 5 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 98 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 310 m.
The land around Mahajanga is covered by water (52%) and artificial surfaces (24%) within 3 km, water (50%) and grassland (33%) within 16 km, and grassland (42%) and water (34%) within 80 km.
Madagascar travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 31% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $599
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 22%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 29.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 457
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mahajanga (-15.7167°, 46.3167°, elevation 20 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).