Agua Prieta weather in November
In November, Agua Prieta sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 6°C, with 21 mm of rain across 2.4 wet days and about 10.4 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 23°C in the first days to 19°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 66% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 48 min at the start of November to 10 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Agua Prieta's 5th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Agua Prieta's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 6°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 21 mm
- 2.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 24 min
- 6:52 AM – 5:15 PM
- Cloud cover
- 30%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.11 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.1
- out of 10
Agua Prieta is municipal seat of Agua Prieta, State of Sonora, Mexico.
- Air quality
- Elevated
- PM10 50.4 µg/m³ · 2010
- Founded
- 1899
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 23°C in the first days to 19°C by the end.
A typical November day in Agua Prieta reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 6°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 15°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 6°C cooler than October and about 5°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg low (°C) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 9 |
| 2 | 23 | 9 |
| 3 | 23 | 9 |
| 4 | 23 | 9 |
| 5 | 23 | 8 |
| 6 | 23 | 8 |
| 7 | 23 | 8 |
| 8 | 22 | 8 |
| 9 | 22 | 8 |
| 10 | 22 | 8 |
| 11 | 22 | 7 |
| 12 | 22 | 7 |
| 13 | 21 | 7 |
| 14 | 21 | 7 |
| 15 | 21 | 7 |
| 16 | 21 | 6 |
| 17 | 21 | 6 |
| 18 | 20 | 6 |
| 19 | 20 | 6 |
| 20 | 20 | 6 |
| 21 | 20 | 5 |
| 22 | 20 | 5 |
| 23 | 20 | 5 |
| 24 | 19 | 5 |
| 25 | 19 | 5 |
| 26 | 19 | 5 |
| 27 | 19 | 4 |
| 28 | 19 | 4 |
| 29 | 18 | 4 |
| 30 | 18 | 4 |
How November really feels in Agua Prieta
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Agua Prieta weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 2° | 27 | 3.5 | 10.2 | 6.4 |
| Feb | 19° / 4° | 24 | 3.7 | 10.9 | 7.2 |
| Mar | 22° / 7° | 15 | 3 | 11.8 | 8.3 |
| Apr | 26° / 10° | 5 | 1.3 | 12.7 | 8.5 |
| May | 31° / 14° | 5 | 1.2 | 13.6 | 6.0 |
| Jun | 35° / 19° | 9 | 2.1 | 14 | 3.1 |
| Jul | 34° / 21° | 50 | 10.4 | 13.8 | 3.0 |
| Aug | 33° / 20° | 46 | 11 | 13.1 | 3.8 |
| Sep | 31° / 18° | 30 | 5.1 | 12.2 | 5.3 |
| Oct | 27° / 12° | 18 | 3.2 | 11.2 | 8.0 |
| Nov | 21° / 6° | 21 | 2.4 | 10.4 | 8.1 |
| Dec | 16° / 2° | 29 | 4.5 | 10 | 6.1 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 66% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 22%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 |
| Cloudier (%) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | 18 |
| 2 | 82 | 18 |
| 3 | 82 | 18 |
| 4 | 81 | 19 |
| 5 | 82 | 18 |
| 6 | 81 | 19 |
| 7 | 81 | 19 |
| 8 | 81 | 19 |
| 9 | 80 | 20 |
| 10 | 81 | 19 |
| 11 | 81 | 19 |
| 12 | 81 | 19 |
| 13 | 80 | 20 |
| 14 | 80 | 20 |
| 15 | 80 | 20 |
| 16 | 79 | 21 |
| 17 | 79 | 21 |
| 18 | 79 | 21 |
| 19 | 79 | 21 |
| 20 | 79 | 21 |
| 21 | 77 | 23 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 |
| 23 | 76 | 24 |
| 24 | 76 | 24 |
| 25 | 74 | 26 |
| 26 | 73 | 27 |
| 27 | 73 | 27 |
| 28 | 72 | 28 |
| 29 | 72 | 28 |
| 30 | 71 | 29 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Agua Prieta gets around 21 mm of rain over 2.4 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 9% and peaks near 12% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 9 |
| 3 | 9 |
| 4 | 8 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 6 | 8 |
| 7 | 8 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 9 | 8 |
| 10 | 8 |
| 11 | 8 |
| 12 | 7 |
| 13 | 7 |
| 14 | 7 |
| 15 | 7 |
| 16 | 8 |
| 17 | 8 |
| 18 | 8 |
| 19 | 8 |
| 20 | 8 |
| 21 | 8 |
| 22 | 8 |
| 23 | 9 |
| 24 | 9 |
| 25 | 9 |
| 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 10 |
| 28 | 11 |
| 29 | 11 |
| 30 | 12 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 99 | 1 |
| 2 | 99 | 1 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in November
Winds average 9 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 10 h 48 min at the start of November to 10 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 42 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:39 AM to 7:04 AM, and sunset from 5:24 PM to 5:11 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:24 | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:22 | 5:21 | 5:21 | 5:20 | 5:19 | 5:19 | 5:18 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:14 | 5:14 | 5:14 | 5:13 | 5:13 | 5:13 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:12 | 5:11 | 5:11 | 5:11 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.8 | 6:39 | 5:24 |
| 2 | 10.7 | 6:40 | 5:23 |
| 3 | 10.7 | 6:41 | 5:23 |
| 4 | 10.7 | 6:42 | 5:22 |
| 5 | 10.6 | 6:43 | 5:21 |
| 6 | 10.6 | 6:43 | 5:21 |
| 7 | 10.6 | 6:44 | 5:20 |
| 8 | 10.6 | 6:45 | 5:19 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 6:46 | 5:19 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 6:47 | 5:18 |
| 11 | 10.5 | 6:48 | 5:17 |
| 12 | 10.5 | 6:49 | 5:17 |
| 13 | 10.4 | 6:49 | 5:16 |
| 14 | 10.4 | 6:50 | 5:16 |
| 15 | 10.4 | 6:51 | 5:15 |
| 16 | 10.4 | 6:52 | 5:15 |
| 17 | 10.4 | 6:53 | 5:14 |
| 18 | 10.3 | 6:54 | 5:14 |
| 19 | 10.3 | 6:55 | 5:14 |
| 20 | 10.3 | 6:55 | 5:13 |
| 21 | 10.3 | 6:56 | 5:13 |
| 22 | 10.3 | 6:57 | 5:13 |
| 23 | 10.2 | 6:58 | 5:12 |
| 24 | 10.2 | 6:59 | 5:12 |
| 25 | 10.2 | 7:00 | 5:12 |
| 26 | 10.2 | 7:01 | 5:12 |
| 27 | 10.2 | 7:01 | 5:12 |
| 28 | 10.2 | 7:02 | 5:11 |
| 29 | 10.1 | 7:03 | 5:11 |
| 30 | 10.1 | 7:04 | 5:11 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 4.11 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.5 kWh/m² to a high of 8.26 kWh/m² in May across the year — November's 4.11 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 20 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.7 | Moderate |
Is November a good time to visit Agua Prieta?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is one of the better times to visit Agua Prieta for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Agua Prieta in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Agua Prieta sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 6°C. Worth packing: a warm layer.
UV index in Agua Prieta in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Agua Prieta peaks around June 20 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Moderate |
| Feb | 5 | High |
| Mar | 8 | Very high |
| Apr | 10 | Very high |
| May | 10 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 7 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | High |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Where is Agua Prieta?
Agua Prieta sits at 31.3°N, 109.5°W, 1,219 m above sea level, in Mexico. The nearest listed city is Douglas, 2.0 km away.
Topography around Agua Prieta
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Agua Prieta.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Agua Prieta has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 84 m around an average of 1,220 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 665 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,202 m.
The land around Agua Prieta is covered by artificial surfaces (67%) within 3 km, shrubs (76%) within 16 km, and shrubs (65%) and grassland (25%) within 80 km.
Mexico travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 127 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 54% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $13,889
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 43%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 440
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Agua Prieta (31.3224°, -109.5425°, elevation 1,219 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).