Francisco I. Madero weather in March
In March, Francisco I. Madero sees average daytime highs of 29°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 7 mm of rain across 1.3 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 27°C in the first days to 31°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 60% of the time in March, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 24 min at the start of March to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, March is Francisco I. Madero's 6th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Francisco I. Madero's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 29°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- 14°
- 5th coldest
- Rainfall
- 7 mm
- 1.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 7:08 AM – 6:57 PM
- Cloud cover
- 34%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.6 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.1
- out of 10
Temperature in March
Highs climb over the month, from about 27°C in the first days to 31°C by the end.
A typical March day in Francisco I. Madero reaches about 29°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 15°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, March runs about 4°C warmer than February and about 4°C cooler than April.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 13 |
| 2 | 27 | 13 |
| 3 | 27 | 13 |
| 4 | 28 | 13 |
| 5 | 28 | 13 |
| 6 | 28 | 13 |
| 7 | 28 | 13 |
| 8 | 28 | 13 |
| 9 | 28 | 13 |
| 10 | 28 | 13 |
| 11 | 28 | 13 |
| 12 | 28 | 14 |
| 13 | 28 | 14 |
| 14 | 28 | 14 |
| 15 | 29 | 14 |
| 16 | 29 | 14 |
| 17 | 29 | 14 |
| 18 | 29 | 14 |
| 19 | 29 | 15 |
| 20 | 29 | 15 |
| 21 | 30 | 15 |
| 22 | 30 | 15 |
| 23 | 30 | 15 |
| 24 | 30 | 15 |
| 25 | 30 | 15 |
| 26 | 30 | 16 |
| 27 | 31 | 16 |
| 28 | 31 | 16 |
| 29 | 31 | 16 |
| 30 | 31 | 16 |
| 31 | 31 | 16 |
How March really feels in Francisco I. Madero
Once humidity and wind are folded in, March averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
March sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Francisco I. Madero weather by month
How March compares with the rest of the year at a glance. March is the 8th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 9° | 9 | 1.5 | 10.6 | 8.4 |
| Feb | 25° / 11° | 5 | 1 | 11.1 | 8.5 |
| Mar | 29° / 14° | 7 | 1.3 | 11.8 | 7.1 |
| Apr | 33° / 18° | 2 | 0.7 | 12.6 | 4.6 |
| May | 36° / 21° | 7 | 1.6 | 13.2 | 2.8 |
| Jun | 36° / 23° | 16 | 3.2 | 13.6 | 2.3 |
| Jul | 35° / 24° | 27 | 4.8 | 13.4 | 2.8 |
| Aug | 35° / 23° | 20 | 3.7 | 12.9 | 3.1 |
| Sep | 33° / 21° | 34 | 5.3 | 12.2 | 4.2 |
| Oct | 30° / 18° | 16 | 2.5 | 11.4 | 6.1 |
| Nov | 26° / 13° | 8 | 1.6 | 10.7 | 8.5 |
| Dec | 23° / 9° | 7 | 1.4 | 10.4 | 8.5 |
Cloud cover in March
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 60% of the time in March.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of March, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 26%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 |
| Cloudier (%) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 71 | 29 |
| 2 | 71 | 29 |
| 3 | 71 | 29 |
| 4 | 71 | 29 |
| 5 | 71 | 29 |
| 6 | 71 | 29 |
| 7 | 71 | 29 |
| 8 | 71 | 29 |
| 9 | 71 | 29 |
| 10 | 72 | 28 |
| 11 | 72 | 28 |
| 12 | 72 | 28 |
| 13 | 73 | 27 |
| 14 | 73 | 27 |
| 15 | 74 | 26 |
| 16 | 74 | 26 |
| 17 | 75 | 25 |
| 18 | 75 | 25 |
| 19 | 76 | 24 |
| 20 | 76 | 24 |
| 21 | 76 | 24 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 |
| 23 | 77 | 23 |
| 24 | 77 | 23 |
| 25 | 77 | 23 |
| 26 | 77 | 23 |
| 27 | 77 | 23 |
| 28 | 77 | 23 |
| 29 | 77 | 23 |
| 30 | 76 | 24 |
| 31 | 76 | 24 |
Chance of precipitation in March
Francisco I. Madero gets around 7 mm of rain over 1.3 wet days in March. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 4% and peaks near 6% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 4 | 4 |
| 5 | 4 |
| 6 | 4 |
| 7 | 5 |
| 8 | 5 |
| 9 | 5 |
| 10 | 5 |
| 11 | 6 |
| 12 | 6 |
| 13 | 6 |
| 14 | 6 |
| 15 | 6 |
| 16 | 5 |
| 17 | 5 |
| 18 | 5 |
| 19 | 5 |
| 20 | 4 |
| 21 | 4 |
| 22 | 4 |
| 23 | 3 |
| 24 | 3 |
| 25 | 3 |
| 26 | 2 |
| 27 | 2 |
| 28 | 2 |
| 29 | 2 |
| 30 | 1 |
| 31 | 1 |
Humidity in March
Most of March feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, March lands in the dry band about 98% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 98 | 2 |
| 15 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 98 | 2 |
| 17 | 98 | 2 |
| 18 | 98 | 2 |
| 19 | 98 | 2 |
| 20 | 98 | 2 |
| 21 | 98 | 2 |
| 22 | 98 | 2 |
| 23 | 98 | 2 |
| 24 | 98 | 2 |
| 25 | 98 | 2 |
| 26 | 98 | 2 |
| 27 | 98 | 2 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 |
| 29 | 98 | 2 |
| 30 | 98 | 2 |
| 31 | 98 | 2 |
Wind in March
Winds average 11 km/h in March.
Across March, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
| 31 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in March
Daylight runs from about 11 h 24 min at the start of March to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over March. Sunrise moves from 7:23 AM to 6:52 AM, and sunset from 6:49 PM to 7:04 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:52 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:49 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.4 | 7:23 | 6:49 |
| 2 | 11.5 | 7:22 | 6:50 |
| 3 | 11.5 | 7:22 | 6:50 |
| 4 | 11.5 | 7:21 | 6:51 |
| 5 | 11.5 | 7:20 | 6:51 |
| 6 | 11.6 | 7:19 | 6:52 |
| 7 | 11.6 | 7:18 | 6:53 |
| 8 | 11.6 | 7:17 | 6:53 |
| 9 | 11.6 | 7:16 | 6:54 |
| 10 | 11.7 | 7:15 | 6:54 |
| 11 | 11.7 | 7:14 | 6:55 |
| 12 | 11.7 | 7:13 | 6:55 |
| 13 | 11.7 | 7:12 | 6:56 |
| 14 | 11.8 | 7:10 | 6:56 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 7:09 | 6:57 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 7:08 | 6:57 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 7:07 | 6:58 |
| 18 | 11.9 | 7:06 | 6:58 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 7:05 | 6:59 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 7:04 | 6:59 |
| 21 | 11.9 | 7:03 | 6:59 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:02 | 7:00 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 7:01 | 7:00 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 7:00 | 7:01 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:59 | 7:01 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 6:58 | 7:02 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 6:56 | 7:02 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 6:55 | 7:03 |
| 29 | 12.1 | 6:54 | 7:03 |
| 30 | 12.2 | 6:53 | 7:04 |
| 31 | 12.2 | 6:52 | 7:04 |
Solar energy in March
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in March, about 6.6 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.16 kWh/m² to a high of 7.95 kWh/m² in May across the year — March's 6.6 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 31 | 7.2 | Intense |
Is March a good time to visit Francisco I. Madero?
Our two travel scores rate March for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
March is one of the better times to visit Francisco I. Madero for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Francisco I. Madero in March
From March's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In March, Francisco I. Madero sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 14°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Francisco I. Madero in March
Clear-sky midday UV in March peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Francisco I. Madero peaks around July 12 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 5 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Level | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | High |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | High |
| Feb | 8 | Very high |
| Mar | 10 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 6 | High |
| Dec | 5 | High |
Where is Francisco I. Madero?
Francisco I. Madero sits at 25.8°N, 103.3°W, 1,112 m above sea level, in Mexico. The nearest listed city is Matamoros, 28 km away.
Topography around Francisco I. Madero
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Francisco I. Madero.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Francisco I. Madero has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 10 m around an average of 1,108 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 592 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,276 m.
The land around Francisco I. Madero is covered by cropland (42%) and artificial surfaces (24%) within 3 km, cropland (49%) and shrubs (25%) within 16 km, and shrubs (60%) and bare terrain (30%) within 80 km.
Mexico travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 127 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 54% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $13,889
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 43%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 440
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Francisco I. Madero (25.773°, -103.2713°, elevation 1,112 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).