San Felipe weather in August
In August, San Felipe sees average daytime highs of 24°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 112 mm of rain across 12.1 wet days and about 12.7 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in August, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 hours at the start of August to 12 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, August is San Felipe's 10th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see San Felipe's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 24°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 13°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 112 mm
- 12.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 42 min
- 6:27 AM – 7:11 PM
- Cloud cover
- 58%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.22 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.6
- out of 10
San Felipe is municipal seat of San Felipe, State of Guanajuato, Mexico.
- Founded
- 1562
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in August
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month.
A typical August day in San Felipe reaches about 24°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 21°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, August runs on par with July and about 1°C warmer than September.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 12 |
| 2 | 24 | 12 |
| 3 | 24 | 12 |
| 4 | 24 | 12 |
| 5 | 24 | 12 |
| 6 | 24 | 12 |
| 7 | 24 | 12 |
| 8 | 24 | 12 |
| 9 | 24 | 12 |
| 10 | 24 | 13 |
| 11 | 24 | 13 |
| 12 | 24 | 13 |
| 13 | 24 | 13 |
| 14 | 24 | 13 |
| 15 | 24 | 13 |
| 16 | 24 | 13 |
| 17 | 24 | 13 |
| 18 | 24 | 13 |
| 19 | 24 | 13 |
| 20 | 24 | 13 |
| 21 | 24 | 13 |
| 22 | 23 | 13 |
| 23 | 23 | 13 |
| 24 | 23 | 13 |
| 25 | 23 | 13 |
| 26 | 23 | 13 |
| 27 | 23 | 13 |
| 28 | 23 | 13 |
| 29 | 23 | 13 |
| 30 | 23 | 13 |
| 31 | 23 | 13 |
San Felipe weather by month
How August compares with the rest of the year at a glance. August is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 5° | 19 | 3.4 | 10.8 | 7.4 |
| Feb | 22° / 6° | 16 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 8.1 |
| Mar | 24° / 8° | 19 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 8.4 |
| Apr | 26° / 10° | 23 | 4.1 | 12.5 | 7.7 |
| May | 27° / 12° | 59 | 9 | 13 | 6.9 |
| Jun | 25° / 13° | 116 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 6.4 |
| Jul | 24° / 13° | 134 | 14.2 | 13.2 | 6.4 |
| Aug | 24° / 13° | 112 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 23° / 12° | 125 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 6.0 |
| Oct | 22° / 10° | 54 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 7.1 |
| Nov | 21° / 7° | 21 | 3.9 | 11 | 7.8 |
| Dec | 20° / 5° | 10 | 1.8 | 10.7 | 7.8 |
Cloud cover in August
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 29% of the time in August.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of August, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 48%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 41 | 41 |
| Cloudier (%) | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 59 | 59 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 59 | 41 |
| 2 | 59 | 41 |
| 3 | 59 | 41 |
| 4 | 59 | 41 |
| 5 | 59 | 41 |
| 6 | 59 | 41 |
| 7 | 58 | 42 |
| 8 | 58 | 42 |
| 9 | 57 | 43 |
| 10 | 56 | 44 |
| 11 | 56 | 44 |
| 12 | 55 | 45 |
| 13 | 53 | 47 |
| 14 | 53 | 47 |
| 15 | 52 | 48 |
| 16 | 52 | 48 |
| 17 | 50 | 50 |
| 18 | 50 | 50 |
| 19 | 49 | 51 |
| 20 | 50 | 50 |
| 21 | 49 | 51 |
| 22 | 48 | 52 |
| 23 | 47 | 53 |
| 24 | 47 | 53 |
| 25 | 46 | 54 |
| 26 | 45 | 55 |
| 27 | 44 | 56 |
| 28 | 44 | 56 |
| 29 | 43 | 57 |
| 30 | 41 | 59 |
| 31 | 41 | 59 |
Chance of precipitation in August
San Felipe gets around 112 mm of rain over 12.1 wet days in August. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 41% and peaks near 46% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 36 |
| 2 | 36 |
| 3 | 35 |
| 4 | 35 |
| 5 | 35 |
| 6 | 35 |
| 7 | 35 |
| 8 | 35 |
| 9 | 36 |
| 10 | 37 |
| 11 | 38 |
| 12 | 39 |
| 13 | 39 |
| 14 | 40 |
| 15 | 41 |
| 16 | 41 |
| 17 | 42 |
| 18 | 42 |
| 19 | 43 |
| 20 | 43 |
| 21 | 44 |
| 22 | 44 |
| 23 | 44 |
| 24 | 44 |
| 25 | 45 |
| 26 | 45 |
| 27 | 45 |
| 28 | 45 |
| 29 | 46 |
| 30 | 46 |
| 31 | 46 |
Humidity in August
Most of August feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, August lands in the dry band about 70% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 60 |
| Comfortable (%) | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 78 | 22 |
| 2 | 77 | 23 |
| 3 | 77 | 23 |
| 4 | 77 | 23 |
| 5 | 76 | 24 |
| 6 | 76 | 24 |
| 7 | 75 | 25 |
| 8 | 75 | 25 |
| 9 | 74 | 26 |
| 10 | 74 | 26 |
| 11 | 73 | 27 |
| 12 | 72 | 28 |
| 13 | 72 | 28 |
| 14 | 71 | 29 |
| 15 | 70 | 30 |
| 16 | 70 | 30 |
| 17 | 69 | 31 |
| 18 | 69 | 31 |
| 19 | 68 | 32 |
| 20 | 68 | 32 |
| 21 | 67 | 33 |
| 22 | 66 | 34 |
| 23 | 66 | 34 |
| 24 | 65 | 35 |
| 25 | 64 | 36 |
| 26 | 63 | 37 |
| 27 | 63 | 37 |
| 28 | 62 | 38 |
| 29 | 61 | 39 |
| 30 | 60 | 40 |
| 31 | 60 | 40 |
Wind in August
Winds average 10 km/h in August.
Across August, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
| 31 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in August
Daylight runs from about 13 hours at the start of August to 12 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 30 minutes over August. Sunrise moves from 6:21 AM to 6:31 AM, and sunset from 7:21 PM to 6:59 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:59 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.0 | 6:21 | 7:21 |
| 2 | 13.0 | 6:22 | 7:20 |
| 3 | 13.0 | 6:22 | 7:20 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 6:22 | 7:19 |
| 5 | 12.9 | 6:23 | 7:19 |
| 6 | 12.9 | 6:23 | 7:18 |
| 7 | 12.9 | 6:23 | 7:17 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 6:24 | 7:17 |
| 9 | 12.9 | 6:24 | 7:16 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 6:25 | 7:15 |
| 11 | 12.8 | 6:25 | 7:15 |
| 12 | 12.8 | 6:25 | 7:14 |
| 13 | 12.8 | 6:26 | 7:13 |
| 14 | 12.8 | 6:26 | 7:13 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 6:26 | 7:12 |
| 16 | 12.7 | 6:27 | 7:11 |
| 17 | 12.7 | 6:27 | 7:10 |
| 18 | 12.7 | 6:27 | 7:10 |
| 19 | 12.7 | 6:28 | 7:09 |
| 20 | 12.7 | 6:28 | 7:08 |
| 21 | 12.6 | 6:28 | 7:07 |
| 22 | 12.6 | 6:29 | 7:06 |
| 23 | 12.6 | 6:29 | 7:06 |
| 24 | 12.6 | 6:29 | 7:05 |
| 25 | 12.6 | 6:30 | 7:04 |
| 26 | 12.6 | 6:30 | 7:03 |
| 27 | 12.5 | 6:30 | 7:02 |
| 28 | 12.5 | 6:30 | 7:01 |
| 29 | 12.5 | 6:31 | 7:00 |
| 30 | 12.5 | 6:31 | 6:59 |
| 31 | 12.5 | 6:31 | 6:59 |
Solar energy in August
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in August, about 6.22 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.75 kWh/m² to a high of 7.51 kWh/m² in April across the year — August's 6.22 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 23 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.7 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for San Felipe
In August, San Felipe sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
San Felipe's rainy season runs June–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is August a good time to visit San Felipe?
Our two travel scores rate August for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
August is a reasonable time to visit San Felipe for sightseeing.
What to pack for San Felipe in August
From August's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In August, San Felipe sees daytime highs around 24°C and nights near 13°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes and rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in San Felipe in August
Clear-sky midday UV in August peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in San Felipe peaks around June 10 at about 14 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 16 at about 7 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 8 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 7 |
| Level | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8 | Very high |
| Feb | 10 | Extreme |
| Mar | 13 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 14 | Extreme |
| Jul | 13 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 7 | Very high |
Where is San Felipe?
San Felipe sits at 21.5°N, 101.2°W, 2,089 m above sea level, in Mexico. The nearest listed city is Dolores Hidalgo, 46 km away.
Topography around San Felipe
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of San Felipe.
Within 3 km, the terrain around San Felipe has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 77 m around an average of 2,092 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 972 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,421 m.
The land around San Felipe is covered by cropland (33%), shrubs (28%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, shrubs (44%), cropland (23%) and grassland (22%) within 16 km, and shrubs (54%) and cropland (23%) within 80 km.
Mexico travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 / 127 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 54% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $13,889
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 43%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 24.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 440
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for San Felipe (21.4788°, -101.2158°, elevation 2,089 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).