Wellington weather in September
In September, Wellington sees average daytime highs of 12°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 74 mm of rain across 10.8 wet days and about 11.7 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 12°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 hours at the start of September to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Wellington's 7th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Wellington's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 12°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 74 mm
- 10.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 42 min
- 7:23 AM – 7:07 PM
- Cloud cover
- 54%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 28 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.92 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.2
- out of 10
Wellington is capital city of New Zealand; urban area of the cities of Wellington, Lower Hutt, Upper Hutt, and Porirua.
- Air quality
- Excellent
- PM10 12.9 µg/m³ · 2012
- Density
- 860/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1839
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 12°C through the month.
A typical September day in Wellington reaches about 12°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 2°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 10°C and 14°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 1°C warmer than August and about 1°C cooler than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg low (°C) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 9 |
| 2 | 12 | 9 |
| 3 | 12 | 9 |
| 4 | 12 | 9 |
| 5 | 12 | 10 |
| 6 | 12 | 10 |
| 7 | 12 | 10 |
| 8 | 12 | 10 |
| 9 | 12 | 10 |
| 10 | 12 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 10 |
| 12 | 12 | 10 |
| 13 | 12 | 10 |
| 14 | 12 | 10 |
| 15 | 12 | 10 |
| 16 | 12 | 10 |
| 17 | 12 | 10 |
| 18 | 12 | 10 |
| 19 | 12 | 10 |
| 20 | 12 | 10 |
| 21 | 12 | 10 |
| 22 | 12 | 10 |
| 23 | 12 | 10 |
| 24 | 12 | 10 |
| 25 | 12 | 10 |
| 26 | 12 | 10 |
| 27 | 12 | 10 |
| 28 | 12 | 10 |
| 29 | 13 | 10 |
| 30 | 13 | 10 |
Wellington weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 9th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 15° | 55 | 7.5 | 14.6 | 5.9 |
| Feb | 18° / 15° | 56 | 6.1 | 13.7 | 6.4 |
| Mar | 17° / 14° | 59 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 5.8 |
| Apr | 15° / 13° | 73 | 9 | 10.9 | 4.8 |
| May | 14° / 12° | 76 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 4.0 |
| Jun | 12° / 10° | 95 | 12.1 | 9.1 | 3.1 |
| Jul | 11° / 9° | 87 | 12.1 | 9.3 | 2.7 |
| Aug | 11° / 9° | 82 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 2.7 |
| Sep | 12° / 10° | 74 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 3.2 |
| Oct | 13° / 11° | 83 | 11.3 | 13.1 | 3.6 |
| Nov | 14° / 12° | 69 | 9.1 | 14.3 | 4.3 |
| Dec | 16° / 14° | 65 | 9.6 | 14.9 | 5.0 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 46%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 |
| Cloudier (%) | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 53 | 47 |
| 2 | 52 | 48 |
| 3 | 52 | 48 |
| 4 | 52 | 48 |
| 5 | 52 | 48 |
| 6 | 52 | 48 |
| 7 | 52 | 48 |
| 8 | 53 | 47 |
| 9 | 53 | 47 |
| 10 | 54 | 46 |
| 11 | 54 | 46 |
| 12 | 55 | 45 |
| 13 | 55 | 45 |
| 14 | 56 | 44 |
| 15 | 56 | 44 |
| 16 | 57 | 43 |
| 17 | 57 | 43 |
| 18 | 58 | 42 |
| 19 | 58 | 42 |
| 20 | 57 | 43 |
| 21 | 56 | 44 |
| 22 | 56 | 44 |
| 23 | 55 | 45 |
| 24 | 55 | 45 |
| 25 | 55 | 45 |
| 26 | 54 | 46 |
| 27 | 53 | 47 |
| 28 | 53 | 47 |
| 29 | 52 | 48 |
| 30 | 52 | 48 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Wellington gets around 74 mm of rain over 10.8 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 35% and peaks near 37% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 35 |
| 2 | 35 |
| 3 | 35 |
| 4 | 35 |
| 5 | 35 |
| 6 | 35 |
| 7 | 35 |
| 8 | 35 |
| 9 | 36 |
| 10 | 36 |
| 11 | 35 |
| 12 | 35 |
| 13 | 35 |
| 14 | 35 |
| 15 | 35 |
| 16 | 34 |
| 17 | 34 |
| 18 | 34 |
| 19 | 35 |
| 20 | 35 |
| 21 | 35 |
| 22 | 35 |
| 23 | 35 |
| 24 | 35 |
| 25 | 35 |
| 26 | 36 |
| 27 | 36 |
| 28 | 36 |
| 29 | 36 |
| 30 | 37 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 28 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 26 km/h on the calmest days to 28 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Feels | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | breezy |
| 2 | 26 | breezy |
| 3 | 27 | breezy |
| 4 | 27 | breezy |
| 5 | 27 | breezy |
| 6 | 27 | breezy |
| 7 | 27 | breezy |
| 8 | 27 | breezy |
| 9 | 27 | breezy |
| 10 | 27 | breezy |
| 11 | 28 | breezy |
| 12 | 28 | breezy |
| 13 | 28 | breezy |
| 14 | 28 | breezy |
| 15 | 28 | breezy |
| 16 | 28 | breezy |
| 17 | 28 | breezy |
| 18 | 28 | breezy |
| 19 | 28 | breezy |
| 20 | 28 | breezy |
| 21 | 28 | breezy |
| 22 | 28 | breezy |
| 23 | 28 | breezy |
| 24 | 28 | breezy |
| 25 | 28 | breezy |
| 26 | 28 | breezy |
| 27 | 28 | breezy |
| 28 | 28 | breezy |
| 29 | 28 | breezy |
| 30 | 28 | breezy |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 hours at the start of September to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 84 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 7:50 AM to 6:59 AM, and sunset from 6:52 PM to 7:22 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:50 | 7:48 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:43 | 7:41 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:27 | 7:25 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:20 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:11 | 7:09 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:04 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:59 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:52 | 6:53 | 6:54 | 6:55 | 6:56 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:07 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:22 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.0 | 7:50 | 6:52 |
| 2 | 11.1 | 7:48 | 6:53 |
| 3 | 11.1 | 7:46 | 6:54 |
| 4 | 11.2 | 7:45 | 6:55 |
| 5 | 11.2 | 7:43 | 6:56 |
| 6 | 11.3 | 7:41 | 6:57 |
| 7 | 11.3 | 7:39 | 6:58 |
| 8 | 11.4 | 7:38 | 6:59 |
| 9 | 11.4 | 7:36 | 7:00 |
| 10 | 11.4 | 7:34 | 7:01 |
| 11 | 11.5 | 7:32 | 7:02 |
| 12 | 11.5 | 7:30 | 7:03 |
| 13 | 11.6 | 7:29 | 7:04 |
| 14 | 11.6 | 7:27 | 7:05 |
| 15 | 11.7 | 7:25 | 7:06 |
| 16 | 11.7 | 7:23 | 7:07 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 7:22 | 7:08 |
| 18 | 11.8 | 7:20 | 7:09 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 7:18 | 7:10 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 7:16 | 7:11 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:14 | 7:12 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:13 | 7:13 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 7:11 | 7:14 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 7:09 | 7:15 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 7:07 | 7:17 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 7:06 | 7:18 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 7:04 | 7:19 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 7:02 | 7:20 |
| 29 | 12.3 | 7:00 | 7:21 |
| 30 | 12.4 | 6:59 | 7:22 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 3.92 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.6 kWh/m² to a high of 7.3 kWh/m² in January across the year — September's 3.92 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 15 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 16 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.5 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Wellington?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Wellington.
What to pack for Wellington in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Wellington sees daytime highs around 12°C and nights near 10°C. Worth packing: a warm layer, rain gear and a windbreaker. About 11 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Wellington in September
The nearest coast averages about 12°C in September — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 13 km away) is warmest in February at about 17°C and coldest in August near 12°C.
The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 16 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Comfort | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Cool |
| Feb | 17 | Cool |
| Mar | 16 | Cool |
| Apr | 15 | Cool |
| May | 14 | Bracing |
| Jun | 13 | Bracing |
| Jul | 12 | Bracing |
| Aug | 12 | Bracing |
| Sep | 12 | Bracing |
| Oct | 13 | Bracing |
| Nov | 14 | Bracing |
| Dec | 15 | Bracing |
UV index in Wellington in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Wellington peaks around January 1 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 10 | Extreme |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Low |
| Aug | 3 | Moderate |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 9 | Very high |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Where is Wellington?
Wellington sits at 41.3°S, 174.8°E, 31 m above sea level, in New Zealand. The nearest listed city is Karori, 3.0 km away.
Topography around Wellington
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Wellington.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Wellington has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 349 m around an average of 85 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 528 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,512 m.
The land around Wellington is covered by trees (45%), artificial surfaces (29%) and water (22%) within 3 km, water (46%) and trees (31%) within 16 km, and water (60%) and trees (23%) within 80 km.
New Zealand travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 86% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $49,591
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.5
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 9.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Wellington (-41.2866°, 174.7756°, elevation 31 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).