Mendi weather in January
In January, Mendi sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 450 mm of rain across 29.4 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in January, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 24 min at the start of January to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Mendi's 10th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Mendi's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 13°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 450 mm
- 29.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 6:25 AM – 6:44 PM
- Cloud cover
- 96%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.81 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
Mendi is capital city of Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical January day in Mendi reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and on par with February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 13 |
| 2 | 21 | 13 |
| 3 | 21 | 13 |
| 4 | 21 | 13 |
| 5 | 21 | 13 |
| 6 | 21 | 13 |
| 7 | 21 | 13 |
| 8 | 21 | 13 |
| 9 | 21 | 13 |
| 10 | 21 | 13 |
| 11 | 22 | 13 |
| 12 | 22 | 13 |
| 13 | 22 | 13 |
| 14 | 22 | 13 |
| 15 | 22 | 13 |
| 16 | 22 | 13 |
| 17 | 22 | 13 |
| 18 | 22 | 13 |
| 19 | 22 | 13 |
| 20 | 22 | 13 |
| 21 | 22 | 13 |
| 22 | 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 22 | 13 |
| 24 | 22 | 13 |
| 25 | 22 | 13 |
| 26 | 22 | 13 |
| 27 | 22 | 13 |
| 28 | 22 | 13 |
| 29 | 22 | 13 |
| 30 | 22 | 13 |
| 31 | 22 | 13 |
Mendi weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 1st-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 13° | 450 | 29.4 | 12.3 | 3.4 |
| Feb | 22° / 13° | 427 | 26.8 | 12.2 | 3.4 |
| Mar | 21° / 13° | 504 | 29.9 | 12 | 3.3 |
| Apr | 21° / 14° | 583 | 29.2 | 11.9 | 3.3 |
| May | 21° / 13° | 557 | 29.9 | 11.7 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 20° / 13° | 468 | 29.1 | 11.7 | 3.3 |
| Jul | 20° / 13° | 412 | 29.7 | 11.7 | 3.3 |
| Aug | 20° / 13° | 480 | 29.6 | 11.8 | 3.3 |
| Sep | 20° / 13° | 567 | 28.4 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Oct | 21° / 13° | 591 | 28.7 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 22° / 13° | 486 | 28 | 12.3 | 3.5 |
| Dec | 22° / 13° | 452 | 29.3 | 12.4 | 3.4 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 1% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 99%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cloudier (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 99 |
| 2 | 1 | 99 |
| 3 | 1 | 99 |
| 4 | 1 | 99 |
| 5 | 1 | 99 |
| 6 | 1 | 99 |
| 7 | 1 | 99 |
| 8 | 1 | 99 |
| 9 | 1 | 99 |
| 10 | 1 | 99 |
| 11 | 1 | 99 |
| 12 | 1 | 99 |
| 13 | 1 | 99 |
| 14 | 1 | 99 |
| 15 | 1 | 99 |
| 16 | 1 | 99 |
| 17 | 1 | 99 |
| 18 | 1 | 99 |
| 19 | 1 | 99 |
| 20 | 1 | 99 |
| 21 | 1 | 99 |
| 22 | 1 | 99 |
| 23 | 1 | 99 |
| 24 | 1 | 99 |
| 25 | 1 | 99 |
| 26 | 0 | 100 |
| 27 | 0 | 100 |
| 28 | 0 | 100 |
| 29 | 0 | 100 |
| 30 | 0 | 100 |
| 31 | 0 | 100 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Mendi gets around 450 mm of rain over 29.4 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 95% and peaks near 96% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 96 |
| 2 | 96 |
| 3 | 96 |
| 4 | 95 |
| 5 | 95 |
| 6 | 95 |
| 7 | 95 |
| 8 | 95 |
| 9 | 95 |
| 10 | 95 |
| 11 | 95 |
| 12 | 95 |
| 13 | 95 |
| 14 | 95 |
| 15 | 95 |
| 16 | 95 |
| 17 | 95 |
| 18 | 95 |
| 19 | 95 |
| 20 | 96 |
| 21 | 96 |
| 22 | 96 |
| 23 | 96 |
| 24 | 95 |
| 25 | 95 |
| 26 | 95 |
| 27 | 95 |
| 28 | 95 |
| 29 | 95 |
| 30 | 95 |
| 31 | 95 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the comfortable band about 83% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Comfortable (%) | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 86 |
| Humid (%) | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 77 | 20 |
| 2 | 3 | 78 | 19 |
| 3 | 3 | 79 | 18 |
| 4 | 3 | 80 | 17 |
| 5 | 3 | 81 | 16 |
| 6 | 4 | 81 | 15 |
| 7 | 4 | 81 | 15 |
| 8 | 4 | 82 | 14 |
| 9 | 3 | 83 | 14 |
| 10 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 11 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 12 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 13 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 14 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 15 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 16 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 17 | 3 | 83 | 14 |
| 18 | 3 | 83 | 14 |
| 19 | 3 | 83 | 14 |
| 20 | 2 | 84 | 14 |
| 21 | 2 | 84 | 14 |
| 22 | 2 | 84 | 14 |
| 23 | 2 | 84 | 14 |
| 24 | 2 | 84 | 14 |
| 25 | 2 | 85 | 13 |
| 26 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 27 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 28 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 29 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 30 | 3 | 84 | 13 |
| 31 | 2 | 86 | 12 |
Wind in January
Winds average 4 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
| 31 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 12 h 24 min at the start of January to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 6:18 AM to 6:31 AM, and sunset from 6:39 PM to 6:47 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.4 | 6:18 | 6:39 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 6:18 | 6:39 |
| 3 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:40 |
| 4 | 12.3 | 6:19 | 6:40 |
| 5 | 12.3 | 6:20 | 6:41 |
| 6 | 12.3 | 6:20 | 6:41 |
| 7 | 12.3 | 6:21 | 6:41 |
| 8 | 12.3 | 6:21 | 6:42 |
| 9 | 12.3 | 6:22 | 6:42 |
| 10 | 12.3 | 6:22 | 6:42 |
| 11 | 12.3 | 6:23 | 6:43 |
| 12 | 12.3 | 6:23 | 6:43 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 6:24 | 6:43 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 6:24 | 6:44 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 6:25 | 6:44 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 6:25 | 6:44 |
| 17 | 12.3 | 6:25 | 6:45 |
| 18 | 12.3 | 6:26 | 6:45 |
| 19 | 12.3 | 6:26 | 6:45 |
| 20 | 12.3 | 6:27 | 6:45 |
| 21 | 12.3 | 6:27 | 6:45 |
| 22 | 12.3 | 6:28 | 6:46 |
| 23 | 12.3 | 6:28 | 6:46 |
| 24 | 12.3 | 6:28 | 6:46 |
| 25 | 12.3 | 6:29 | 6:46 |
| 26 | 12.3 | 6:29 | 6:46 |
| 27 | 12.3 | 6:29 | 6:46 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 6:30 | 6:47 |
| 29 | 12.3 | 6:30 | 6:47 |
| 30 | 12.3 | 6:30 | 6:47 |
| 31 | 12.3 | 6:31 | 6:47 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 4.81 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.57 kWh/m² to a high of 4.88 kWh/m² in November across the year — January's 4.81 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 31 | 4.6 | Bright |
Is January a good time to visit Mendi?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Mendi.
What to pack for Mendi in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Mendi sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 13°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 29 days see rain.
UV index in Mendi in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 17 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mendi peaks around March 14 at about 18 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 18 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 16 | Extreme |
| Oct | 16 | Extreme |
| Nov | 16 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Where is Mendi?
Mendi sits at 6.1°S, 143.7°E, 1,729 m above sea level, in Papua New Guinea. The nearest listed city is Mount Hagen, 71 km away.
Topography around Mendi
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mendi.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mendi has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 889 m around an average of 1,903 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,714 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,228 m.
The land around Mendi is covered by trees (63%) and grassland (33%) within 3 km, trees (80%) within 16 km, and trees (87%) within 80 km.
Papua New Guinea travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 58% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,020
- 2025
- Homicide rate
- 9.3
- per 100k, 2010
- Road deaths
- 12.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mendi (-6.1475°, 143.6563°, elevation 1,729 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).