Kirov weather in December
In December, Kirov sees average daytime highs of -7°C and overnight lows near -12°C, with 44 mm of precipitation across 11.9 wet days and about 6.1 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to -8°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 6 h 30 min at the start of December to 6 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Kirov's 12th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kirov's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -7°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -12°
- 3rd coldest
- Precipitation
- 44 mm
- 11.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 6 hours
- 8:37 AM – 2:38 PM
- Cloud cover
- 94%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 13 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 0.22 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Kirov is capital of Kirov Oblast, Russia.
- Density
- 2,988/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1374
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in December
Highs ease over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to -8°C by the end.
A typical December day in Kirov reaches about -7°C in the afternoon and slips back to -12°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -17°C and 1°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 5°C cooler than November and about 2°C warmer than January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 |
| Avg low (°C) | -10 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -11 | -11 | -11 | -11 | -11 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -5 | -10 |
| 2 | -5 | -10 |
| 3 | -5 | -10 |
| 4 | -5 | -10 |
| 5 | -6 | -10 |
| 6 | -6 | -10 |
| 7 | -6 | -10 |
| 8 | -6 | -11 |
| 9 | -6 | -11 |
| 10 | -6 | -11 |
| 11 | -6 | -11 |
| 12 | -6 | -11 |
| 13 | -7 | -12 |
| 14 | -7 | -12 |
| 15 | -7 | -12 |
| 16 | -7 | -12 |
| 17 | -7 | -12 |
| 18 | -7 | -13 |
| 19 | -8 | -13 |
| 20 | -8 | -13 |
| 21 | -8 | -13 |
| 22 | -8 | -13 |
| 23 | -8 | -14 |
| 24 | -8 | -14 |
| 25 | -8 | -14 |
| 26 | -8 | -14 |
| 27 | -8 | -14 |
| 28 | -8 | -14 |
| 29 | -8 | -14 |
| 30 | -8 | -14 |
| 31 | -8 | -14 |
How December really feels in Kirov
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in December is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Kirov weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -9° / -15° | 38 | 10.9 | 13.6 | 6.8 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -7° / -14° | 30 | 8 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 0.0 |
| Mar | -0° / -8° | 39 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 9° / -0° | 40 | 8.9 | 3.5 | 14 | 1.6 |
| May | 16° / 6° | 54 | 10.7 | 0.5 | 16.5 | 5.0 |
| Jun | 21° / 11° | 70 | 12.4 | 0 | 17.9 | 5.9 |
| Jul | 23° / 13° | 71 | 11.7 | 0 | 17.3 | 6.6 |
| Aug | 20° / 11° | 66 | 11.2 | 0 | 15.2 | 6.0 |
| Sep | 14° / 6° | 56 | 11.3 | 0.3 | 12.5 | 3.8 |
| Oct | 6° / 1° | 68 | 12.4 | 4 | 9.9 | 0.7 |
| Nov | -2° / -7° | 47 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -7° / -12° | 44 | 11.9 | 13.4 | 6.1 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in December, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 95%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Cloudier (%) | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 94 |
| 2 | 6 | 94 |
| 3 | 6 | 94 |
| 4 | 6 | 94 |
| 5 | 6 | 94 |
| 6 | 6 | 94 |
| 7 | 5 | 95 |
| 8 | 5 | 95 |
| 9 | 5 | 95 |
| 10 | 5 | 95 |
| 11 | 5 | 95 |
| 12 | 5 | 95 |
| 13 | 5 | 95 |
| 14 | 5 | 95 |
| 15 | 4 | 96 |
| 16 | 4 | 96 |
| 17 | 5 | 95 |
| 18 | 5 | 95 |
| 19 | 5 | 95 |
| 20 | 5 | 95 |
| 21 | 4 | 96 |
| 22 | 4 | 96 |
| 23 | 4 | 96 |
| 24 | 4 | 96 |
| 25 | 4 | 96 |
| 26 | 4 | 96 |
| 27 | 4 | 96 |
| 28 | 3 | 97 |
| 29 | 3 | 97 |
| 30 | 3 | 97 |
| 31 | 3 | 97 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Kirov gets around 44 mm of rain and snow over 11.9 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 37% and peaks near 38% on the wettest days, and about 13 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 |
| Snow chance (%) | 37 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | 37 |
| 2 | 34 | 37 |
| 3 | 35 | 38 |
| 4 | 35 | 39 |
| 5 | 36 | 39 |
| 6 | 36 | 40 |
| 7 | 37 | 40 |
| 8 | 37 | 41 |
| 9 | 38 | 42 |
| 10 | 38 | 42 |
| 11 | 38 | 42 |
| 12 | 38 | 43 |
| 13 | 38 | 43 |
| 14 | 38 | 43 |
| 15 | 38 | 43 |
| 16 | 38 | 43 |
| 17 | 38 | 44 |
| 18 | 38 | 44 |
| 19 | 38 | 44 |
| 20 | 38 | 44 |
| 21 | 38 | 44 |
| 22 | 38 | 44 |
| 23 | 38 | 44 |
| 24 | 38 | 44 |
| 25 | 38 | 44 |
| 26 | 38 | 44 |
| 27 | 38 | 45 |
| 28 | 38 | 45 |
| 29 | 38 | 45 |
| 30 | 37 | 45 |
| 31 | 37 | 45 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 13 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | light breeze |
| 4 | 12 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 13 | light breeze |
| 7 | 13 | light breeze |
| 8 | 13 | light breeze |
| 9 | 13 | light breeze |
| 10 | 13 | light breeze |
| 11 | 13 | light breeze |
| 12 | 13 | light breeze |
| 13 | 13 | light breeze |
| 14 | 13 | light breeze |
| 15 | 13 | light breeze |
| 16 | 13 | light breeze |
| 17 | 13 | light breeze |
| 18 | 13 | light breeze |
| 19 | 13 | light breeze |
| 20 | 13 | light breeze |
| 21 | 13 | light breeze |
| 22 | 13 | light breeze |
| 23 | 13 | light breeze |
| 24 | 13 | light breeze |
| 25 | 13 | light breeze |
| 26 | 13 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
| 29 | 13 | light breeze |
| 30 | 13 | light breeze |
| 31 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 6 h 30 min at the start of December to 6 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 24 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 8:16 AM to 8:42 AM, and sunset from 2:46 PM to 2:47 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:16 | 8:18 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:23 | 8:25 | 8:26 | 8:28 | 8:29 | 8:30 | 8:32 | 8:33 | 8:34 | 8:35 | 8:36 | 8:37 | 8:38 | 8:39 | 8:40 | 8:40 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:42 |
| Sunset (PM) | 2:46 | 2:45 | 2:44 | 2:43 | 2:42 | 2:42 | 2:41 | 2:40 | 2:40 | 2:39 | 2:39 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:38 | 2:39 | 2:39 | 2:39 | 2:40 | 2:40 | 2:41 | 2:42 | 2:43 | 2:44 | 2:44 | 2:45 | 2:47 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.5 | 8:16 | 2:46 |
| 2 | 6.5 | 8:18 | 2:45 |
| 3 | 6.4 | 8:20 | 2:44 |
| 4 | 6.4 | 8:21 | 2:43 |
| 5 | 6.3 | 8:23 | 2:42 |
| 6 | 6.3 | 8:25 | 2:42 |
| 7 | 6.2 | 8:26 | 2:41 |
| 8 | 6.2 | 8:28 | 2:40 |
| 9 | 6.2 | 8:29 | 2:40 |
| 10 | 6.1 | 8:30 | 2:39 |
| 11 | 6.1 | 8:32 | 2:39 |
| 12 | 6.1 | 8:33 | 2:38 |
| 13 | 6.1 | 8:34 | 2:38 |
| 14 | 6.0 | 8:35 | 2:38 |
| 15 | 6.0 | 8:36 | 2:38 |
| 16 | 6.0 | 8:37 | 2:38 |
| 17 | 6.0 | 8:38 | 2:38 |
| 18 | 6.0 | 8:39 | 2:38 |
| 19 | 6.0 | 8:40 | 2:38 |
| 20 | 6.0 | 8:40 | 2:39 |
| 21 | 6.0 | 8:41 | 2:39 |
| 22 | 6.0 | 8:41 | 2:39 |
| 23 | 6.0 | 8:42 | 2:40 |
| 24 | 6.0 | 8:42 | 2:40 |
| 25 | 6.0 | 8:42 | 2:41 |
| 26 | 6.0 | 8:43 | 2:42 |
| 27 | 6.0 | 8:43 | 2:43 |
| 28 | 6.0 | 8:43 | 2:44 |
| 29 | 6.0 | 8:43 | 2:44 |
| 30 | 6.0 | 8:43 | 2:45 |
| 31 | 6.1 | 8:42 | 2:47 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 0.22 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.22 kWh/m² to a high of 5.52 kWh/m² in June across the year — December's 0.22 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 2 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 3 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 4 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 5 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 6 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 7 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 8 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 9 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 10 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 11 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 12 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 13 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 14 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 15 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 16 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 17 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 18 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 19 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 20 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 21 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 22 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 23 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 24 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 25 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 26 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 27 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 28 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 29 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 30 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 31 | 0.2 | Dim |
Is December a good time to visit Kirov?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Kirov.
What to pack for Kirov in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Kirov sees daytime highs around -7°C and nights near -12°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in Kirov in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 0. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kirov peaks around June 20 at about 6 (high) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 2 | Low |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 5 | High |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 0 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Kirov?
Kirov sits at 58.6°N, 49.7°E, 179 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Kirovo-Chepetsk, 22 km away.
Topography around Kirov
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kirov.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kirov has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 85 m around an average of 141 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 113 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 206 m.
The land around Kirov is covered by artificial surfaces (55%) and trees (38%) within 3 km, trees (60%) within 16 km, and trees (75%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kirov (58.5981°, 49.6578°, elevation 179 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).