Kurchaloy weather in February
In February, Kurchaloy sees average daytime highs of 4°C and overnight lows near -4°C, with 32 mm of precipitation across 7 wet days and about 10.2 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 2°C in the first days to 6°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Kurchaloy's 10th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kurchaloy's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 4°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -4°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 32 mm
- 7 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 12 min
- 7:03 AM – 5:17 PM
- Cloud cover
- 65%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.56 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.1
- out of 10
Kurchaloy is human settlement in Kurchaloyevsky District, Chechen Republic, Russia.
- Density
- 548/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 2°C in the first days to 6°C by the end.
A typical February day in Kurchaloy reaches about 4°C in the afternoon and slips back to -4°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -3°C and 10°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 6°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| Avg low (°C) | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | -5 |
| 2 | 2 | -5 |
| 3 | 2 | -5 |
| 4 | 2 | -5 |
| 5 | 3 | -5 |
| 6 | 3 | -5 |
| 7 | 3 | -5 |
| 8 | 3 | -5 |
| 9 | 3 | -5 |
| 10 | 3 | -4 |
| 11 | 3 | -4 |
| 12 | 3 | -4 |
| 13 | 3 | -4 |
| 14 | 3 | -4 |
| 15 | 4 | -4 |
| 16 | 4 | -4 |
| 17 | 4 | -4 |
| 18 | 4 | -3 |
| 19 | 4 | -3 |
| 20 | 5 | -3 |
| 21 | 5 | -3 |
| 22 | 5 | -3 |
| 23 | 5 | -2 |
| 24 | 6 | -2 |
| 25 | 6 | -2 |
| 26 | 6 | -2 |
| 27 | 6 | -2 |
| 28 | 7 | -1 |
How February really feels in Kurchaloy
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Kurchaloy weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2° / -4° | 32 | 8 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 4° / -4° | 32 | 7 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 0.1 |
| Mar | 9° / 1° | 47 | 9.6 | 4.8 | 11.6 | 2.0 |
| Apr | 16° / 6° | 62 | 10.1 | 0.6 | 13.2 | 4.7 |
| May | 21° / 11° | 85 | 12.3 | 0 | 14.4 | 6.1 |
| Jun | 26° / 16° | 85 | 10.9 | 0 | 15.1 | 6.6 |
| Jul | 29° / 19° | 68 | 9.1 | 0 | 14.9 | 5.9 |
| Aug | 29° / 19° | 69 | 8.6 | 0 | 13.8 | 6.1 |
| Sep | 24° / 14° | 68 | 9.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.1 |
| Oct | 17° / 8° | 51 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 10.8 | 5.6 |
| Nov | 9° / 2° | 39 | 7.3 | 2.6 | 9.5 | 1.9 |
| Dec | 4° / -3° | 30 | 7 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 37 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
| Cloudier (%) | 63 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 37 | 63 |
| 2 | 38 | 62 |
| 3 | 37 | 63 |
| 4 | 38 | 62 |
| 5 | 38 | 62 |
| 6 | 39 | 61 |
| 7 | 39 | 61 |
| 8 | 38 | 62 |
| 9 | 38 | 62 |
| 10 | 38 | 62 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 39 | 61 |
| 13 | 40 | 60 |
| 14 | 40 | 60 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 40 | 60 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 39 | 61 |
| 20 | 39 | 61 |
| 21 | 40 | 60 |
| 22 | 40 | 60 |
| 23 | 39 | 61 |
| 24 | 40 | 60 |
| 25 | 40 | 60 |
| 26 | 39 | 61 |
| 27 | 39 | 61 |
| 28 | 39 | 61 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Kurchaloy gets around 32 mm of rain and snow over 7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 25% and peaks near 27% on the wettest days, and about 6 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| Snow chance (%) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 25 |
| 2 | 26 | 25 |
| 3 | 26 | 25 |
| 4 | 26 | 25 |
| 5 | 26 | 24 |
| 6 | 26 | 24 |
| 7 | 25 | 24 |
| 8 | 25 | 23 |
| 9 | 25 | 23 |
| 10 | 25 | 23 |
| 11 | 25 | 23 |
| 12 | 25 | 22 |
| 13 | 24 | 22 |
| 14 | 24 | 22 |
| 15 | 24 | 22 |
| 16 | 24 | 21 |
| 17 | 24 | 21 |
| 18 | 24 | 20 |
| 19 | 24 | 20 |
| 20 | 25 | 20 |
| 21 | 25 | 19 |
| 22 | 25 | 19 |
| 23 | 25 | 19 |
| 24 | 26 | 19 |
| 25 | 26 | 19 |
| 26 | 26 | 18 |
| 27 | 27 | 18 |
| 28 | 27 | 18 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 66 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:20 AM to 6:44 AM, and sunset from 4:59 PM to 5:34 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:08 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:47 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:59 | 5:00 | 5:01 | 5:03 | 5:04 | 5:05 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.7 | 7:20 | 4:59 |
| 2 | 9.7 | 7:19 | 5:00 |
| 3 | 9.7 | 7:18 | 5:01 |
| 4 | 9.8 | 7:16 | 5:03 |
| 5 | 9.8 | 7:15 | 5:04 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 7:14 | 5:05 |
| 7 | 9.9 | 7:13 | 5:07 |
| 8 | 9.9 | 7:12 | 5:08 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:11 | 5:09 |
| 10 | 10.0 | 7:10 | 5:11 |
| 11 | 10.1 | 7:08 | 5:12 |
| 12 | 10.1 | 7:07 | 5:13 |
| 13 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:15 |
| 14 | 10.2 | 7:05 | 5:16 |
| 15 | 10.2 | 7:03 | 5:17 |
| 16 | 10.3 | 7:02 | 5:19 |
| 17 | 10.3 | 7:00 | 5:20 |
| 18 | 10.4 | 6:59 | 5:21 |
| 19 | 10.4 | 6:58 | 5:23 |
| 20 | 10.5 | 6:56 | 5:24 |
| 21 | 10.5 | 6:55 | 5:25 |
| 22 | 10.6 | 6:53 | 5:27 |
| 23 | 10.6 | 6:52 | 5:28 |
| 24 | 10.7 | 6:50 | 5:29 |
| 25 | 10.7 | 6:49 | 5:30 |
| 26 | 10.7 | 6:47 | 5:32 |
| 27 | 10.8 | 6:45 | 5:33 |
| 28 | 10.8 | 6:44 | 5:34 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 2.56 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.39 kWh/m² to a high of 5.92 kWh/m² in July across the year — February's 2.56 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.0 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Kurchaloy?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Kurchaloy.
What to pack for Kurchaloy in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Kurchaloy sees daytime highs around 4°C and nights near -4°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Kurchaloy in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kurchaloy peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Air quality in Kurchaloy in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Kurchaloy is worst in March — around 20 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 14 | 14 | 20 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 13 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Moderate |
| Feb | 14 | Moderate |
| Mar | 20 | Moderate |
| Apr | 17 | Moderate |
| May | 16 | Moderate |
| Jun | 15 | Moderate |
| Jul | 16 | Moderate |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 16 | Moderate |
| Nov | 15 | Moderate |
| Dec | 13 | Moderate |
Where is Kurchaloy?
Kurchaloy sits at 43.2°N, 46.1°E, 164 m above sea level, in Russia. The nearest listed city is Tsotsin-Yurt, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Kurchaloy
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kurchaloy.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kurchaloy has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 118 m around an average of 168 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,129 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,863 m.
The land around Kurchaloy is covered by cropland (47%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, trees (45%) and cropland (28%) within 16 km, and grassland (50%) and trees (26%) within 80 km.
Russia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 32% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $17,547
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 76%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 6.8
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 12
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 521
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kurchaloy (43.2049°, 46.0878°, elevation 164 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).