Almendralejo weather in January
In January, Almendralejo sees average daytime highs of 13°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 45 mm of precipitation across 7.8 wet days and about 9.6 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 13°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 18 min at the start of January to 10 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Almendralejo's 10th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Almendralejo's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 13°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 45 mm
- 7.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 36 min
- 8:48 AM – 6:22 PM
- Cloud cover
- 53%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.31 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.9
- out of 10
Almendralejo is capital of Almendralejo Municipality, Spain.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 13°C through the month.
A typical January day in Almendralejo reaches about 13°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 10°C and 16°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 2°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | 5 |
| 2 | 13 | 5 |
| 3 | 13 | 5 |
| 4 | 13 | 5 |
| 5 | 13 | 5 |
| 6 | 13 | 5 |
| 7 | 13 | 5 |
| 8 | 13 | 5 |
| 9 | 13 | 5 |
| 10 | 13 | 5 |
| 11 | 13 | 5 |
| 12 | 13 | 5 |
| 13 | 13 | 5 |
| 14 | 13 | 5 |
| 15 | 13 | 5 |
| 16 | 13 | 5 |
| 17 | 13 | 5 |
| 18 | 13 | 5 |
| 19 | 13 | 5 |
| 20 | 13 | 5 |
| 21 | 13 | 5 |
| 22 | 13 | 5 |
| 23 | 13 | 5 |
| 24 | 13 | 5 |
| 25 | 13 | 5 |
| 26 | 13 | 5 |
| 27 | 13 | 5 |
| 28 | 13 | 5 |
| 29 | 14 | 5 |
| 30 | 14 | 5 |
| 31 | 14 | 5 |
How January really feels in Almendralejo
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
January sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Almendralejo weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13° / 5° | 45 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 15° / 6° | 42 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 5.0 |
| Mar | 18° / 8° | 43 | 7.2 | 11.7 | 6.4 |
| Apr | 21° / 10° | 45 | 7.8 | 13 | 6.8 |
| May | 25° / 13° | 35 | 6.4 | 14.1 | 7.5 |
| Jun | 30° / 17° | 12 | 2.4 | 14.7 | 6.1 |
| Jul | 34° / 19° | 3 | 0.6 | 14.4 | 4.1 |
| Aug | 34° / 19° | 6 | 1.1 | 13.5 | 4.3 |
| Sep | 29° / 17° | 24 | 3.8 | 12.3 | 6.6 |
| Oct | 23° / 13° | 60 | 7.4 | 11 | 7.2 |
| Nov | 17° / 8° | 56 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 14° / 6° | 56 | 7.8 | 9.3 | 4.2 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 50%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
| Cloudier (%) | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48 | 52 |
| 2 | 48 | 52 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 47 | 53 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 47 | 53 |
| 9 | 48 | 52 |
| 10 | 48 | 52 |
| 11 | 48 | 52 |
| 12 | 48 | 52 |
| 13 | 49 | 51 |
| 14 | 49 | 51 |
| 15 | 50 | 50 |
| 16 | 50 | 50 |
| 17 | 50 | 50 |
| 18 | 51 | 49 |
| 19 | 51 | 49 |
| 20 | 51 | 49 |
| 21 | 52 | 48 |
| 22 | 52 | 48 |
| 23 | 52 | 48 |
| 24 | 52 | 48 |
| 25 | 53 | 47 |
| 26 | 53 | 47 |
| 27 | 53 | 47 |
| 28 | 53 | 47 |
| 29 | 53 | 47 |
| 30 | 53 | 47 |
| 31 | 53 | 47 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Almendralejo gets around 45 mm of rain and snow over 7.8 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 25% and peaks near 26% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 26 |
| 2 | 26 |
| 3 | 26 |
| 4 | 26 |
| 5 | 26 |
| 6 | 26 |
| 7 | 25 |
| 8 | 25 |
| 9 | 25 |
| 10 | 25 |
| 11 | 24 |
| 12 | 24 |
| 13 | 24 |
| 14 | 24 |
| 15 | 23 |
| 16 | 23 |
| 17 | 23 |
| 18 | 23 |
| 19 | 23 |
| 20 | 24 |
| 21 | 24 |
| 22 | 24 |
| 23 | 25 |
| 24 | 25 |
| 25 | 25 |
| 26 | 26 |
| 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 26 |
| 29 | 26 |
| 30 | 26 |
| 31 | 25 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 99% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 98 | 2 |
| 2 | 98 | 2 |
| 3 | 98 | 2 |
| 4 | 98 | 2 |
| 5 | 98 | 2 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
| 31 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in January
Winds average 9 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 9 h 18 min at the start of January to 10 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 42 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 8:49 AM to 8:40 AM, and sunset from 6:09 PM to 6:38 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:49 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:46 | 8:46 | 8:45 | 8:45 | 8:44 | 8:44 | 8:43 | 8:42 | 8:42 | 8:41 | 8:40 | 8:40 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:38 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.3 | 8:49 | 6:09 |
| 2 | 9.3 | 8:49 | 6:10 |
| 3 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:10 |
| 4 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:11 |
| 5 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:12 |
| 6 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:13 |
| 7 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:14 |
| 8 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:15 |
| 9 | 9.4 | 8:49 | 6:15 |
| 10 | 9.5 | 8:49 | 6:16 |
| 11 | 9.5 | 8:49 | 6:17 |
| 12 | 9.5 | 8:49 | 6:18 |
| 13 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:19 |
| 14 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:20 |
| 15 | 9.6 | 8:48 | 6:21 |
| 16 | 9.6 | 8:48 | 6:22 |
| 17 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:23 |
| 18 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:24 |
| 19 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:25 |
| 20 | 9.7 | 8:46 | 6:26 |
| 21 | 9.7 | 8:46 | 6:27 |
| 22 | 9.7 | 8:45 | 6:28 |
| 23 | 9.7 | 8:45 | 6:29 |
| 24 | 9.8 | 8:44 | 6:31 |
| 25 | 9.8 | 8:44 | 6:32 |
| 26 | 9.8 | 8:43 | 6:33 |
| 27 | 9.9 | 8:42 | 6:34 |
| 28 | 9.9 | 8:42 | 6:35 |
| 29 | 9.9 | 8:41 | 6:36 |
| 30 | 9.9 | 8:40 | 6:37 |
| 31 | 10.0 | 8:40 | 6:38 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 2.31 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.99 kWh/m² to a high of 7.9 kWh/m² in July across the year — January's 2.31 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 31 | 2.8 | Moderate |
Is January a good time to visit Almendralejo?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Almendralejo.
What to pack for Almendralejo in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Almendralejo sees daytime highs around 13°C and nights near 5°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Almendralejo in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Almendralejo peaks around July 14 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 17 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Almendralejo?
Almendralejo sits at 38.7°N, 6.4°W, 338 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Mérida, 27 km away.
Topography around Almendralejo
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Almendralejo.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Almendralejo has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 76 m around an average of 342 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 293 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 948 m.
The land around Almendralejo is covered by cropland (65%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, cropland (70%) within 16 km, and grassland (47%), cropland (29%) and trees (21%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Almendralejo (38.6832°, -6.4075°, elevation 338 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).