Zafra weather in January
In January, Zafra sees average daytime highs of 13°C and overnight lows near 4°C, with 42 mm of precipitation across 7.3 wet days and about 9.6 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 13°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 24 min at the start of January to 10 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Zafra's 10th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Zafra's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 13°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 4°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 42 mm
- 7.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 36 min
- 8:47 AM – 6:23 PM
- Cloud cover
- 53%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.37 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.7
- out of 10
Zafra is capital of Zafra Municipality, Spain.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM10 15.8 µg/m³ · 2010
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 13°C through the month.
A typical January day in Zafra reaches about 13°C in the afternoon and slips back to 4°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 16°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 2°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13 | 5 |
| 2 | 13 | 5 |
| 3 | 13 | 5 |
| 4 | 13 | 5 |
| 5 | 13 | 5 |
| 6 | 13 | 5 |
| 7 | 13 | 4 |
| 8 | 12 | 4 |
| 9 | 12 | 4 |
| 10 | 12 | 4 |
| 11 | 12 | 4 |
| 12 | 12 | 4 |
| 13 | 12 | 4 |
| 14 | 12 | 4 |
| 15 | 12 | 4 |
| 16 | 12 | 4 |
| 17 | 12 | 4 |
| 18 | 12 | 4 |
| 19 | 12 | 4 |
| 20 | 12 | 4 |
| 21 | 12 | 4 |
| 22 | 13 | 4 |
| 23 | 13 | 4 |
| 24 | 13 | 4 |
| 25 | 13 | 4 |
| 26 | 13 | 4 |
| 27 | 13 | 4 |
| 28 | 13 | 4 |
| 29 | 13 | 4 |
| 30 | 13 | 4 |
| 31 | 13 | 4 |
How January really feels in Zafra
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
January sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Zafra weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13° / 4° | 42 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 3.7 |
| Feb | 14° / 5° | 41 | 6.3 | 10.5 | 4.6 |
| Mar | 18° / 7° | 44 | 7.5 | 11.7 | 6.1 |
| Apr | 20° / 9° | 46 | 8.4 | 13 | 6.6 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 39 | 7.1 | 14.1 | 7.4 |
| Jun | 29° / 16° | 12 | 2.6 | 14.6 | 6.7 |
| Jul | 33° / 18° | 3 | 0.9 | 14.4 | 4.8 |
| Aug | 33° / 18° | 7 | 1.3 | 13.5 | 4.8 |
| Sep | 28° / 16° | 25 | 4 | 12.3 | 7.0 |
| Oct | 22° / 12° | 58 | 7.4 | 11 | 7.2 |
| Nov | 16° / 8° | 52 | 7.4 | 9.9 | 5.6 |
| Dec | 13° / 5° | 53 | 7.1 | 9.4 | 4.0 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 50%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
| Cloudier (%) | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48 | 52 |
| 2 | 48 | 52 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 48 | 52 |
| 6 | 48 | 52 |
| 7 | 49 | 51 |
| 8 | 49 | 51 |
| 9 | 49 | 51 |
| 10 | 49 | 51 |
| 11 | 49 | 51 |
| 12 | 49 | 51 |
| 13 | 50 | 50 |
| 14 | 50 | 50 |
| 15 | 50 | 50 |
| 16 | 50 | 50 |
| 17 | 50 | 50 |
| 18 | 50 | 50 |
| 19 | 51 | 49 |
| 20 | 52 | 48 |
| 21 | 52 | 48 |
| 22 | 52 | 48 |
| 23 | 52 | 48 |
| 24 | 52 | 48 |
| 25 | 53 | 47 |
| 26 | 53 | 47 |
| 27 | 53 | 47 |
| 28 | 53 | 47 |
| 29 | 53 | 47 |
| 30 | 53 | 47 |
| 31 | 53 | 47 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Zafra gets around 42 mm of rain and snow over 7.3 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 23% and peaks near 25% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 24 |
| 2 | 24 |
| 3 | 24 |
| 4 | 24 |
| 5 | 24 |
| 6 | 24 |
| 7 | 24 |
| 8 | 23 |
| 9 | 23 |
| 10 | 23 |
| 11 | 23 |
| 12 | 22 |
| 13 | 22 |
| 14 | 22 |
| 15 | 22 |
| 16 | 22 |
| 17 | 22 |
| 18 | 22 |
| 19 | 22 |
| 20 | 22 |
| 21 | 22 |
| 22 | 23 |
| 23 | 23 |
| 24 | 23 |
| 25 | 24 |
| 26 | 24 |
| 27 | 24 |
| 28 | 24 |
| 29 | 25 |
| 30 | 25 |
| 31 | 25 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 99 | 1 |
| 2 | 99 | 1 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 99 | 1 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
| 31 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in January
Winds average 10 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
| 31 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 9 h 24 min at the start of January to 10 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 36 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 8:48 AM to 8:39 AM, and sunset from 6:10 PM to 6:39 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:48 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:47 | 8:46 | 8:46 | 8:46 | 8:45 | 8:45 | 8:44 | 8:44 | 8:43 | 8:43 | 8:42 | 8:41 | 8:41 | 8:40 | 8:39 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:28 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:32 | 6:33 | 6:34 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:39 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:10 |
| 2 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:10 |
| 3 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:11 |
| 4 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:12 |
| 5 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:13 |
| 6 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:14 |
| 7 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:15 |
| 8 | 9.4 | 8:48 | 6:15 |
| 9 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:16 |
| 10 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:17 |
| 11 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:18 |
| 12 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:19 |
| 13 | 9.5 | 8:48 | 6:20 |
| 14 | 9.6 | 8:48 | 6:21 |
| 15 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:22 |
| 16 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:23 |
| 17 | 9.6 | 8:47 | 6:24 |
| 18 | 9.6 | 8:46 | 6:25 |
| 19 | 9.7 | 8:46 | 6:26 |
| 20 | 9.7 | 8:46 | 6:27 |
| 21 | 9.7 | 8:45 | 6:28 |
| 22 | 9.7 | 8:45 | 6:29 |
| 23 | 9.8 | 8:44 | 6:30 |
| 24 | 9.8 | 8:44 | 6:31 |
| 25 | 9.8 | 8:43 | 6:32 |
| 26 | 9.8 | 8:43 | 6:33 |
| 27 | 9.9 | 8:42 | 6:34 |
| 28 | 9.9 | 8:41 | 6:36 |
| 29 | 9.9 | 8:41 | 6:37 |
| 30 | 10.0 | 8:40 | 6:38 |
| 31 | 10.0 | 8:39 | 6:39 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 2.37 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.04 kWh/m² to a high of 7.94 kWh/m² in July across the year — January's 2.37 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 31 | 2.8 | Moderate |
Is January a good time to visit Zafra?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Zafra.
What to pack for Zafra in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Zafra sees daytime highs around 13°C and nights near 4°C. Worth packing: a warm layer. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Zafra in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Zafra peaks around July 15 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 18 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | High | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 7 | High |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Zafra?
Zafra sits at 38.4°N, 6.4°W, 515 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Almendralejo, 29 km away.
Topography around Zafra
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Zafra.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Zafra has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 243 m around an average of 517 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 482 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,016 m.
The land around Zafra is covered by grassland (46%) and cropland (24%) within 3 km, grassland (42%) and cropland (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (43%), trees (27%) and cropland (26%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Zafra (38.4254°, -6.4173°, elevation 515 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).