Ourense weather in September
In September, Ourense sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 48 mm of rain across 7.2 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 20°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 41% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 hours at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Ourense's 3rd-clearest and 12th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ourense's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 48 mm
- 7.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 7:17 AM – 7:34 PM
- Cloud cover
- 49%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 12th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.54 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.3
- out of 10
Ourense is capital city of the Ourense municipality in Galicia, Spain.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM2.5 8.1 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 20°C by the end.
A typical September day in Ourense reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 3°C cooler than August and about 5°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 13 |
| 2 | 24 | 13 |
| 3 | 24 | 13 |
| 4 | 24 | 13 |
| 5 | 24 | 13 |
| 6 | 24 | 12 |
| 7 | 24 | 12 |
| 8 | 24 | 12 |
| 9 | 23 | 12 |
| 10 | 23 | 12 |
| 11 | 23 | 12 |
| 12 | 23 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | 12 |
| 14 | 23 | 12 |
| 15 | 22 | 12 |
| 16 | 22 | 12 |
| 17 | 22 | 12 |
| 18 | 22 | 11 |
| 19 | 22 | 11 |
| 20 | 22 | 11 |
| 21 | 21 | 11 |
| 22 | 21 | 11 |
| 23 | 21 | 11 |
| 24 | 21 | 11 |
| 25 | 21 | 11 |
| 26 | 21 | 11 |
| 27 | 21 | 11 |
| 28 | 20 | 11 |
| 29 | 20 | 11 |
| 30 | 20 | 10 |
Ourense weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / 3° | 108 | 12.4 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 2.1 |
| Feb | 11° / 3° | 77 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 10.3 | 2.8 |
| Mar | 14° / 5° | 84 | 10.9 | 0.2 | 11.6 | 4.0 |
| Apr | 16° / 6° | 85 | 13.1 | 0.1 | 13.1 | 4.4 |
| May | 18° / 9° | 73 | 11.8 | 0 | 14.4 | 5.6 |
| Jun | 22° / 12° | 43 | 7.5 | 0 | 15 | 7.2 |
| Jul | 25° / 13° | 24 | 4.7 | 0 | 14.8 | 8.1 |
| Aug | 25° / 13° | 27 | 5 | 0 | 13.7 | 8.0 |
| Sep | 22° / 12° | 48 | 7.2 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.3 |
| Oct | 18° / 9° | 110 | 11.9 | 0 | 10.8 | 5.4 |
| Nov | 13° / 6° | 113 | 13.1 | 0.1 | 9.6 | 3.2 |
| Dec | 10° / 4° | 114 | 12.3 | 0.3 | 9 | 2.3 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 41% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 44%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 68 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 45 |
| Cloudier (%) | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 55 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68 | 32 |
| 2 | 67 | 33 |
| 3 | 67 | 33 |
| 4 | 67 | 33 |
| 5 | 66 | 34 |
| 6 | 65 | 35 |
| 7 | 65 | 35 |
| 8 | 63 | 37 |
| 9 | 62 | 38 |
| 10 | 62 | 38 |
| 11 | 60 | 40 |
| 12 | 59 | 41 |
| 13 | 58 | 42 |
| 14 | 57 | 43 |
| 15 | 55 | 45 |
| 16 | 54 | 46 |
| 17 | 53 | 47 |
| 18 | 53 | 47 |
| 19 | 52 | 48 |
| 20 | 51 | 49 |
| 21 | 50 | 50 |
| 22 | 49 | 51 |
| 23 | 49 | 51 |
| 24 | 48 | 52 |
| 25 | 47 | 53 |
| 26 | 47 | 53 |
| 27 | 46 | 54 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 47 | 53 |
| 30 | 45 | 55 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Ourense gets around 48 mm of rain over 7.2 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 24% and peaks near 29% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 17 |
| 2 | 17 |
| 3 | 17 |
| 4 | 17 |
| 5 | 17 |
| 6 | 18 |
| 7 | 18 |
| 8 | 19 |
| 9 | 20 |
| 10 | 21 |
| 11 | 22 |
| 12 | 23 |
| 13 | 24 |
| 14 | 25 |
| 15 | 26 |
| 16 | 27 |
| 17 | 28 |
| 18 | 28 |
| 19 | 29 |
| 20 | 29 |
| 21 | 29 |
| 22 | 29 |
| 23 | 29 |
| 24 | 29 |
| 25 | 29 |
| 26 | 29 |
| 27 | 29 |
| 28 | 28 |
| 29 | 28 |
| 30 | 28 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 71% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 56 | 58 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 82 |
| Comfortable (%) | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 |
| Humid (%) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56 | 40 | 4 |
| 2 | 58 | 39 | 3 |
| 3 | 59 | 38 | 3 |
| 4 | 61 | 37 | 2 |
| 5 | 62 | 36 | 2 |
| 6 | 63 | 35 | 2 |
| 7 | 65 | 34 | 1 |
| 8 | 65 | 34 | 1 |
| 9 | 66 | 33 | 1 |
| 10 | 67 | 32 | 1 |
| 11 | 67 | 32 | 1 |
| 12 | 68 | 31 | 1 |
| 13 | 70 | 30 | 0 |
| 14 | 70 | 30 | 0 |
| 15 | 71 | 29 | 0 |
| 16 | 72 | 28 | 0 |
| 17 | 73 | 27 | 0 |
| 18 | 74 | 26 | 0 |
| 19 | 75 | 25 | 0 |
| 20 | 75 | 25 | 0 |
| 21 | 76 | 24 | 0 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 | 0 |
| 23 | 77 | 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 78 | 22 | 0 |
| 25 | 79 | 21 | 0 |
| 26 | 80 | 20 | 0 |
| 27 | 80 | 20 | 0 |
| 28 | 81 | 19 | 0 |
| 29 | 82 | 18 | 0 |
| 30 | 82 | 18 | 0 |
Wind in September
Winds average 8 km/h in September, the calmest month.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 13 hours at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 84 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 7:01 AM to 7:33 AM, and sunset from 8:01 PM to 7:09 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:08 | 7:09 | 7:10 | 7:11 | 7:12 | 7:13 | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:16 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:26 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:33 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:01 | 8:00 | 7:58 | 7:56 | 7:54 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:49 | 7:47 | 7:45 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:40 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:27 | 7:25 | 7:23 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:14 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:09 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.0 | 7:01 | 8:01 |
| 2 | 13.0 | 7:02 | 8:00 |
| 3 | 12.9 | 7:03 | 7:58 |
| 4 | 12.9 | 7:04 | 7:56 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 7:05 | 7:54 |
| 6 | 12.8 | 7:06 | 7:52 |
| 7 | 12.7 | 7:08 | 7:51 |
| 8 | 12.7 | 7:09 | 7:49 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 7:10 | 7:47 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 7:11 | 7:45 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 7:12 | 7:43 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 7:13 | 7:42 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 7:14 | 7:40 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 7:15 | 7:38 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 7:16 | 7:36 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 7:17 | 7:34 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 7:18 | 7:32 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 7:20 | 7:31 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 7:21 | 7:29 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 7:22 | 7:27 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 7:23 | 7:25 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 7:24 | 7:23 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 7:25 | 7:21 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 7:26 | 7:20 |
| 25 | 11.8 | 7:27 | 7:18 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 7:28 | 7:16 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 7:29 | 7:14 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 7:31 | 7:12 |
| 29 | 11.6 | 7:32 | 7:10 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 7:33 | 7:09 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 4.54 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.39 kWh/m² to a high of 6.86 kWh/m² in July across the year — September's 4.54 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.7 | Moderate |
Is September a good time to visit Ourense?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Ourense for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Ourense in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Ourense sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Ourense in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 6 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ourense peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Ourense?
Ourense sits at 42.3°N, 7.9°W, 146 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Monforte de Lemos, 35 km away.
Topography around Ourense
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ourense.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ourense has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 372 m around an average of 198 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 841 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,765 m.
The land around Ourense is covered by trees (46%), artificial surfaces (29%) and grassland (21%) within 3 km, trees (71%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and trees (56%) and grassland (38%) within 80 km.
Spain travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $38,627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 540
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ourense (42.3367°, -7.8641°, elevation 146 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).