Villafranca del Bierzo weather in October

In October, Villafranca del Bierzo sees average daytime highs of 16°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 94 mm of precipitation across 11.1 wet days and about 10.8 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 14°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in October, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 11 h 30 min at the start of October to 10 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Villafranca del Bierzo's 6th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Villafranca del Bierzo's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 16°; 6th warmest
Overnight low: 8°; 8th coldest
Precipitation: 94 mm; 11.1 wet days
Daylight: 10 h 48 min; 7:48 AM – 6:37 PM
Cloud cover: 62%; 6th clearest
Wind: 7 km/h; 8th windiest
Solar energy: 2.97 kWh/m²
Travel score: 5.0; out of 10

Villafranca del Bierzo is municipal capital of the homonymous municipality of provincia de León, Spain.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← September Villafranca del Bierzo year-round climate November →Best places to visit in October

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in October

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 14°C by the end.

A typical October day in Villafranca del Bierzo reaches about 16°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs about 5°C cooler than September and about 5°C warmer than November.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	19	19	19	19	18	18	18	18	18	18	17	17	17	17	17	16	16	16	16	16	16	15	15	15	15	15	15	14	14	14	14
Avg low (°C)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	6	6	6

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	9
2	19	9
3	19	9
4	19	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	18	9
8	18	9
9	18	8
10	18	8
11	17	8
12	17	8
13	17	8
14	17	8
15	17	8
16	16	8
17	16	8
18	16	8
19	16	8
20	16	7
21	16	7
22	15	7
23	15	7
24	15	7
25	15	7
26	15	7
27	15	7
28	14	7
29	14	6
30	14	6
31	14	6

How October really feels in Villafranca del Bierzo

Once humidity and wind are folded in, October averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

October sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Villafranca del Bierzo weather by month

How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 6th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	8° / 1°	98	12.3	4.2	9.2	1.1
Feb	9° / 1°	75	10.1	4	10.3	1.9
Mar	12° / 3°	81	11.5	2.7	11.6	3.2
Apr	14° / 5°	83	13.6	1.3	13.1	3.7
May	17° / 7°	75	12.7	0.1	14.4	5.2
Jun	22° / 11°	44	8	0	15.1	7.0
Jul	25° / 13°	28	5.4	0	14.8	8.0
Aug	25° / 13°	29	5.8	0	13.7	8.0
Sep	21° / 11°	46	7.6	0	12.3	7.1
Oct	16° / 8°	94	11.1	0.1	10.8	5.0
Nov	11° / 4°	100	13	1.2	9.6	2.4
Dec	8° / 2°	104	12.1	2.4	8.9	1.4

Cloud cover in October

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in October.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 62%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	47	47	47	47	46	45	45	43	43	42	40	40	39	38	38	37	36	36	35	34	34	34	33	33	32	32	31	31	30	30	28
Cloudier (%)	53	53	53	53	54	55	55	57	57	58	60	60	61	62	62	63	64	64	65	66	66	66	67	67	68	68	69	69	70	70	72

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	46	54
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	43	57
9	43	57
10	42	58
11	40	60
12	40	60
13	39	61
14	38	62
15	38	62
16	37	63
17	36	64
18	36	64
19	35	65
20	34	66
21	34	66
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	32	68
27	31	69
28	31	69
29	30	70
30	30	70
31	28	72

Chance of precipitation in October

Any precipitation

Villafranca del Bierzo gets around 94 mm of rain and snow over 11.1 wet days in October. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 37% and peaks near 42% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	26	26	27	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40	41	41	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42	42

	Rain chance (%)
1	26
2	26
3	27
4	27
5	28
6	29
7	30
8	31
9	32
10	33
11	34
12	36
13	37
14	38
15	39
16	40
17	41
18	41
19	42
20	42
21	42
22	42
23	42
24	42
25	42
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	42
30	42
31	42

Humidity in October

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of October feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, October lands in the dry band about 98% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	97	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	100
Comfortable (%)	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	97	3
2	97	3
3	97	3
4	97	3
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	97	3
10	97	3
11	97	3
12	97	3
13	97	3
14	97	3
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	99	1
23	99	1
24	99	1
25	99	1
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	100	0

Wind in October

Winds average 7 km/h in October.

Across October, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	7	calm
2	7	calm
3	7	calm
4	7	calm
5	7	calm
6	7	calm
7	7	calm
8	7	calm
9	7	calm
10	7	calm
11	7	calm
12	7	calm
13	7	calm
14	7	calm
15	7	calm
16	7	calm
17	7	calm
18	7	calm
19	7	calm
20	7	calm
21	7	calm
22	7	calm
23	7	calm
24	7	calm
25	7	calm
26	7	calm
27	7	calm
28	7	calm
29	7	calm
30	7	calm
31	7	calm

Sunrise & sunset in October

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 h 30 min at the start of October to 10 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 84 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 7:30 AM to 8:06 AM, and sunset from 7:03 PM to 6:15 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	11.5	11.5	11.4	11.4	11.3	11.3	11.3	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.0	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.6	10.6	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.3	10.3	10.2	10.2	10.1
Sunrise (AM)	7:30	7:31	7:32	7:33	7:35	7:36	7:37	7:38	7:39	7:40	7:42	7:43	7:44	7:45	7:46	7:48	7:49	7:50	7:51	7:53	7:54	7:55	7:56	7:58	7:59	8:00	8:01	8:03	8:04	8:05	8:06
Sunset (PM)	7:03	7:01	6:59	6:57	6:55	6:54	6:52	6:50	6:48	6:47	6:45	6:43	6:42	6:40	6:38	6:37	6:35	6:34	6:32	6:31	6:29	6:28	6:26	6:25	6:23	6:22	6:20	6:19	6:18	6:16	6:15

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	11.5	7:30	7:03
2	11.5	7:31	7:01
3	11.4	7:32	6:59
4	11.4	7:33	6:57
5	11.3	7:35	6:55
6	11.3	7:36	6:54
7	11.3	7:37	6:52
8	11.2	7:38	6:50
9	11.2	7:39	6:48
10	11.1	7:40	6:47
11	11.1	7:42	6:45
12	11.0	7:43	6:43
13	11.0	7:44	6:42
14	10.9	7:45	6:40
15	10.9	7:46	6:38
16	10.8	7:48	6:37
17	10.8	7:49	6:35
18	10.7	7:50	6:34
19	10.7	7:51	6:32
20	10.6	7:53	6:31
21	10.6	7:54	6:29
22	10.5	7:55	6:28
23	10.5	7:56	6:26
24	10.5	7:58	6:25
25	10.4	7:59	6:23
26	10.4	8:00	6:22
27	10.3	8:01	6:20
28	10.3	8:03	6:19
29	10.2	8:04	6:18
30	10.2	8:05	6:16
31	10.1	8:06	6:15

Solar energy in October

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 2.97 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.42 kWh/m² to a high of 6.95 kWh/m² in July across the year — October's 2.97 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	3.8	Moderate
2	3.7	Moderate
3	3.6	Moderate
4	3.6	Moderate
5	3.5	Moderate
6	3.5	Moderate
7	3.4	Moderate
8	3.4	Moderate
9	3.3	Moderate
10	3.3	Moderate
11	3.2	Moderate
12	3.1	Moderate
13	3.1	Moderate
14	3.0	Moderate
15	3.0	Moderate
16	2.9	Moderate
17	2.9	Moderate
18	2.8	Moderate
19	2.8	Moderate
20	2.7	Moderate
21	2.7	Moderate
22	2.6	Moderate
23	2.6	Moderate
24	2.6	Moderate
25	2.5	Moderate
26	2.5	Moderate
27	2.4	Moderate
28	2.4	Moderate
29	2.4	Moderate
30	2.3	Moderate
31	2.3	Moderate

Planning a trip in October

Is October a good time to visit Villafranca del Bierzo?

Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

5.0

Sightseeing

6th-best month of the year

1.1

Beach & pool

6th-best month of the year

October is a reasonable time to visit Villafranca del Bierzo for sightseeing.

What to pack for Villafranca del Bierzo in October

From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In October, Villafranca del Bierzo sees daytime highs around 16°C and nights near 8°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 11 days see rain.

a warm layerrain gear

UV index in Villafranca del Bierzo in October

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Villafranca del Bierzo peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 2 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	2	3	5	7	7	9	9	8	6	4	2	2
Level	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	Very high	Very high	Very high	High	Moderate	Moderate	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	2	Low
Feb	3	Moderate
Mar	5	Moderate
Apr	7	High
May	7	High
Jun	9	Very high
Jul	9	Very high
Aug	8	Very high
Sep	6	High
Oct	4	Moderate
Nov	2	Moderate
Dec	2	Low

Air quality in Villafranca del Bierzo in October

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where October falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Villafranca del Bierzo is worst in July — around 19 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.5× the cleanest month (November, 7 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	10	12	14	14	9	9	19	11	11	18	7	9
Level	Good	Good	Moderate	Moderate	Good	Good	Moderate	Good	Good	Moderate	Good	Good

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	10	Good
Feb	12	Good
Mar	14	Moderate
Apr	14	Moderate
May	9	Good
Jun	9	Good
Jul	19	Moderate
Aug	11	Good
Sep	11	Good
Oct	18	Moderate
Nov	7	Good
Dec	9	Good

Location & terrain

Where is Villafranca del Bierzo?

Villafranca del Bierzo sits at 42.6°N, 6.8°W, 0 m above sea level, in Spain. The nearest listed city is Ponferrada, 19 km away.

Topography around Villafranca del Bierzo

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Villafranca del Bierzo.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Villafranca del Bierzo has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 471 m around an average of 621 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,195 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,061 m.

The land around Villafranca del Bierzo is covered by trees (50%) and grassland (27%) within 3 km, trees (58%) and grassland (32%) within 16 km, and trees (53%) and grassland (41%) within 80 km.

3 km

471 m

trees 50%

16 km

1,195 m

trees 58%

80 km

2,061 m

trees 53%

treesshrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswater

← September Villafranca del Bierzo year-round climate November →Best places to visit in October

October weather nearby: Ponferrada 19 km · Monforte de Lemos 58 km · Lugo 76 km · Bragança 89 km · Ourense 91 km · San Andrés del Rabanedo 98 km · León 102 km · Villaquilambre 103 km

Spain travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / F; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 65% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $38,627; 2025
Happiness: 6.5 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 99%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 0.7; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 3.9; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 540
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Villafranca del Bierzo (42.606°, -6.8107°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	9
2	19	9
3	19	9
4	19	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	18	9
8	18	9
9	18	8
10	18	8
11	17	8
12	17	8
13	17	8
14	17	8
15	17	8
16	16	8
17	16	8
18	16	8
19	16	8
20	16	7
21	16	7
22	15	7
23	15	7
24	15	7
25	15	7
26	15	7
27	15	7
28	14	7
29	14	6
30	14	6
31	14	6

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	46	54
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	43	57
9	43	57
10	42	58
11	40	60
12	40	60
13	39	61
14	38	62
15	38	62
16	37	63
17	36	64
18	36	64
19	35	65
20	34	66
21	34	66
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	32	68
27	31	69
28	31	69
29	30	70
30	30	70
31	28	72

	Rain chance (%)
1	26
2	26
3	27
4	27
5	28
6	29
7	30
8	31
9	32
10	33
11	34
12	36
13	37
14	38
15	39
16	40
17	41
18	41
19	42
20	42
21	42
22	42
23	42
24	42
25	42
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	42
30	42
31	42

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	97	3
2	97	3
3	97	3
4	97	3
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	97	3
10	97	3
11	97	3
12	97	3
13	97	3
14	97	3
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	99	1
23	99	1
24	99	1
25	99	1
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	100	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	9
2	19	9
3	19	9
4	19	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	18	9
8	18	9
9	18	8
10	18	8
11	17	8
12	17	8
13	17	8
14	17	8
15	17	8
16	16	8
17	16	8
18	16	8
19	16	8
20	16	7
21	16	7
22	15	7
23	15	7
24	15	7
25	15	7
26	15	7
27	15	7
28	14	7
29	14	6
30	14	6
31	14	6

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	46	54
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	43	57
9	43	57
10	42	58
11	40	60
12	40	60
13	39	61
14	38	62
15	38	62
16	37	63
17	36	64
18	36	64
19	35	65
20	34	66
21	34	66
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	32	68
27	31	69
28	31	69
29	30	70
30	30	70
31	28	72

	Rain chance (%)
1	26
2	26
3	27
4	27
5	28
6	29
7	30
8	31
9	32
10	33
11	34
12	36
13	37
14	38
15	39
16	40
17	41
18	41
19	42
20	42
21	42
22	42
23	42
24	42
25	42
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	42
30	42
31	42

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	97	3
2	97	3
3	97	3
4	97	3
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	97	3
10	97	3
11	97	3
12	97	3
13	97	3
14	97	3
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	99	1
23	99	1
24	99	1
25	99	1
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	100	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	19	9
2	19	9
3	19	9
4	19	9
5	18	9
6	18	9
7	18	9
8	18	9
9	18	8
10	18	8
11	17	8
12	17	8
13	17	8
14	17	8
15	17	8
16	16	8
17	16	8
18	16	8
19	16	8
20	16	7
21	16	7
22	15	7
23	15	7
24	15	7
25	15	7
26	15	7
27	15	7
28	14	7
29	14	6
30	14	6
31	14	6

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	47	53
2	47	53
3	47	53
4	47	53
5	46	54
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	43	57
9	43	57
10	42	58
11	40	60
12	40	60
13	39	61
14	38	62
15	38	62
16	37	63
17	36	64
18	36	64
19	35	65
20	34	66
21	34	66
22	34	66
23	33	67
24	33	67
25	32	68
26	32	68
27	31	69
28	31	69
29	30	70
30	30	70
31	28	72

	Rain chance (%)
1	26
2	26
3	27
4	27
5	28
6	29
7	30
8	31
9	32
10	33
11	34
12	36
13	37
14	38
15	39
16	40
17	41
18	41
19	42
20	42
21	42
22	42
23	42
24	42
25	42
26	42
27	42
28	42
29	42
30	42
31	42

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	97	3
2	97	3
3	97	3
4	97	3
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	97	3
10	97	3
11	97	3
12	97	3
13	97	3
14	97	3
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	99	1
23	99	1
24	99	1
25	99	1
26	99	1
27	99	1
28	99	1
29	99	1
30	99	1
31	100	0