Sudan weather by month

In Khartoum, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows moderate seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year begins around September 20 and lasts for 8.1 months, ending around May 23. The clearest month is November, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 96% of the time on average.

The cloudier part of the year begins around June 15 and lasts for 3.2 months, ending around September 19. The cloudiest month is August, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 28% of the time.

This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.

Across the year, average wind speed in Khartoum is typically light breeze, near 17 km/h, and varies moderately with the seasons.

The windier part of the year lasts 5.5 months, from around Nov 3 to Apr 19. The windiest month is February, averaging about 20 km/h (light breeze).

The calmer part of the year runs from around Aug 21 to Nov 2, with October the calmest month at about 13 km/h.

Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.

Khartoum receives about 6.5 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — intense — with a clear seasonal swing between 5.6 and 7.7 kWh/m².

The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.6 months, from around Feb 18 to Jul 7. The brightest month is April, averaging about 7.6 kWh/m² (intense).

The dimmest month is December, down near 5.6 kWh/m² — roughly 27% less than the April peak.