Climate and average weather in Umm Ruwaba
In Umm Ruwaba, the summers are sweltering, fairly dry, and mostly clear and the winters are hot and clear.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Umm Ruwaba typically varies from 17°C to 39°C, and is rarely below 13°C or above 42°C. May is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best times of year to visit Umm Ruwaba for warm-weather activities are from early January to early February and early December to late December.
- Hottest
- May
- 39°
- Coldest
- Jan
- 17°
- Wettest
- Aug
- 83 mm
- Driest
- Feb
- 0 mm
- Rain / yr
- 250 mm
- 54 wet days
- Daylight
- 11.2–12.8 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 457 m
- 12.9°N
- Clearest
- Nov
- 16% cloud
Umm Ruwaba is human settlement in Sudan.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Umm Ruwaba weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around early January to early February.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Umm Ruwaba, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 2.8 months, from March 30 to June 21, with daily high temperatures above 37°C. The hottest month of the year in Umm Ruwaba is May, with an average high of 39°C and low of 27°C.
The cool season lasts 1.9 months, from December 10 to February 4, with daily high temperatures below 32°C. The coldest month of the year in Umm Ruwaba is January, with an average low of 17°C and high of 30°C.
Days typically run about 12°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 14°C) in April.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 35 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 19 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | 17 |
| Feb | 33 | 19 |
| Mar | 36 | 22 |
| Apr | 39 | 25 |
| May | 39 | 27 |
| Jun | 38 | 27 |
| Jul | 34 | 25 |
| Aug | 33 | 24 |
| Sep | 35 | 24 |
| Oct | 37 | 25 |
| Nov | 35 | 22 |
| Dec | 31 | 18 |
How hot and cold Umm Ruwaba really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the hottest afternoons, once humidity is folded in, Umm Ruwaba feels like about 40°C (around April 30). About 299 days a year carry some heat stress, and 51 of them tip into dangerous heat (feels-like above 39°C), peaking in April.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 30 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 34 | 31 |
| Air high (°C) | 30 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 35 | 31 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | 17 | 19 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 18 |
| Air low (°C) | 17 | 19 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22 | 18 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | 30 | 17 | 17 |
| Feb | 33 | 33 | 19 | 19 |
| Mar | 36 | 36 | 22 | 22 |
| Apr | 39 | 39 | 25 | 25 |
| May | 39 | 39 | 27 | 27 |
| Jun | 39 | 38 | 27 | 27 |
| Jul | 37 | 34 | 25 | 25 |
| Aug | 36 | 33 | 24 | 24 |
| Sep | 37 | 35 | 24 | 24 |
| Oct | 37 | 37 | 25 | 25 |
| Nov | 34 | 35 | 22 | 22 |
| Dec | 31 | 31 | 18 | 18 |
Average hourly temperature in Umm Ruwaba
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on May afternoons, near 39°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near 17°C.
Umm Ruwaba weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 17° | 0 | 0 | 11.3 | 6.6 |
| Feb | 33° / 19° | 0 | 0 | 11.6 | 5.0 |
| Mar | 36° / 22° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.9 | 2.7 |
| Apr | 39° / 25° | 2 | 0.5 | 12.3 | 0.8 |
| May | 39° / 27° | 13 | 3.8 | 12.6 | 0.4 |
| Jun | 38° / 27° | 25 | 7.1 | 12.7 | 1.3 |
| Jul | 34° / 25° | 70 | 14.1 | 12.7 | 2.6 |
| Aug | 33° / 24° | 83 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 3.3 |
| Sep | 35° / 24° | 45 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 2.8 |
| Oct | 37° / 25° | 13 | 3.7 | 11.7 | 2.0 |
| Nov | 35° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 11.4 | 3.8 |
| Dec | 31° / 18° | 0 | 0 | 11.3 | 6.1 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Umm Ruwaba gets about 250 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is mostly dry, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.8 months, from around May 20 to Oct 12, peaking in August at about 51% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jan 1.
August is the wettest month by volume, with 83 mm over about 15 wet days; February is the driest, with 0 mm.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 25 | 45 | 47 | 32 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 2 | 1 |
| May | 12 | 4 |
| Jun | 25 | 7 |
| Jul | 45 | 14 |
| Aug | 47 | 15 |
| Sep | 32 | 10 |
| Oct | 12 | 4 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Umm Ruwaba collects about 250 mm of rain across 54 wet days — roughly 21 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. August is the wettest month with 83 mm, while February is the driest at just 0 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 79% of the year’s total.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 25 | 70 | 83 | 45 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 2 | 1 |
| May | 13 | 4 |
| Jun | 25 | 7 |
| Jul | 70 | 14 |
| Aug | 83 | 15 |
| Sep | 45 | 10 |
| Oct | 13 | 4 |
| Nov | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 0 | 0 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Umm Ruwaba, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around October 10 and lasts for 7.2 months, ending around May 16. The clearest month is November, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 91% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around May 17 and lasts for 4.8 months, ending around October 9. The cloudiest month is August, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 45% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 85 | 86 | 88 | 88 | 79 | 72 | 61 | 55 | 68 | 81 | 91 | 90 |
| Cloudier (%) | 15 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 21 | 28 | 39 | 45 | 32 | 19 | 9 | 10 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 85 | 15 |
| Feb | 86 | 14 |
| Mar | 88 | 12 |
| Apr | 88 | 12 |
| May | 79 | 21 |
| Jun | 72 | 28 |
| Jul | 61 | 39 |
| Aug | 55 | 45 |
| Sep | 68 | 32 |
| Oct | 81 | 19 |
| Nov | 91 | 9 |
| Dec | 90 | 10 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 14, brings about 12 h 48 min of light; the shortest, around December 13, only 11 h 12 min — a swing of roughly 1 h 36 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:25 | 7:23 | 7:07 | 6:47 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:40 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:49 | 6:59 | 7:14 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:44 | 6:57 | 7:02 | 7:04 | 7:09 | 7:18 | 7:22 | 7:12 | 6:52 | 6:31 | 6:22 | 6:29 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11.3 | 7:25 | 6:44 |
| Feb | 11.6 | 7:23 | 6:57 |
| Mar | 11.9 | 7:07 | 7:02 |
| Apr | 12.3 | 6:47 | 7:04 |
| May | 12.6 | 6:34 | 7:09 |
| Jun | 12.7 | 6:33 | 7:18 |
| Jul | 12.7 | 6:40 | 7:22 |
| Aug | 12.4 | 6:46 | 7:12 |
| Sep | 12.1 | 6:47 | 6:52 |
| Oct | 11.7 | 6:49 | 6:31 |
| Nov | 11.4 | 6:59 | 6:22 |
| Dec | 11.3 | 7:14 | 6:29 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Umm Ruwaba averages about 19 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 7 and 25 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 7.0 months, from around Oct 17 to May 17. The sunniest month is November, with roughly 25 sunny days (brilliant).
The greyest month is August, down near 8 sunny days — about 67% fewer than the November peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 23 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 19 | 24 | 25 |
| Sky | Bright | Brilliant | Bright | Brilliant | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Brilliant | Brilliant |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23 | Bright |
| Feb | 21 | Brilliant |
| Mar | 23 | Bright |
| Apr | 23 | Brilliant |
| May | 19 | Bright |
| Jun | 14 | Mixed |
| Jul | 9 | Mixed |
| Aug | 8 | Mixed |
| Sep | 13 | Mixed |
| Oct | 19 | Bright |
| Nov | 24 | Brilliant |
| Dec | 25 | Brilliant |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Umm Ruwaba, how humid it feels changes dramatically over the year.
The more humid part of the year lasts 5.1 months, from around May 20 to October 21. The muggiest month is July, when the air feels humid, muggy or worse about 99% of the time.
The most comfortable stretch runs from around October 22 to May 19, and March is the most comfortable month — the air is dry or comfortable 100% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 99 | 90 | 53 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 36 | 96 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 18 | 1 | 0 |
| Muggy (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 46 | 76 | 53 | 57 | 32 | 1 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 46 | 33 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 90 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| May | 53 | 11 | 20 | 14 | 2 |
| Jun | 11 | 8 | 31 | 46 | 4 |
| Jul | 0 | 1 | 8 | 76 | 14 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 46 |
| Sep | 1 | 1 | 7 | 57 | 33 |
| Oct | 36 | 9 | 18 | 32 | 5 |
| Nov | 96 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Across the year, average wind speed in Umm Ruwaba is typically light breeze, near 12 km/h, and varies moderately with the seasons.
The windier part of the year lasts 5.1 months, from around Nov 6 to Apr 10. The windiest month is February, averaging about 15 km/h (light breeze).
The calmer part of the year runs from around Jul 18 to Nov 5, with September the calmest month at about 9 km/h.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | light breeze |
| Feb | 15 | light breeze |
| Mar | 14 | light breeze |
| Apr | 12 | calm |
| May | 11 | calm |
| Jun | 12 | light breeze |
| Jul | 12 | light breeze |
| Aug | 11 | calm |
| Sep | 9 | calm |
| Oct | 10 | calm |
| Nov | 13 | light breeze |
| Dec | 14 | light breeze |
Hazard calendar for Umm Ruwaba
When the seasonal hazards worth planning around — the rainy season, tropical-cyclone risk and dust haze — are active through the year.
Umm Ruwaba sees seasonal dust haze (March–July), heaviest in April.
Best time to visit Umm Ruwaba
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Umm Ruwaba throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late January, Umm Ruwaba is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Umm Ruwaba for general outdoor tourist activities is from early December to early February, with a peak score in the second week of January.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 6.6 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 3.8 | 6.1 |
| Rating | good | fair | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | fair | good |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.6 | good |
| Feb | 4.9 | fair |
| Mar | 2.7 | poor |
| Apr | 0.8 | poor |
| May | 0.4 | poor |
| Jun | 1.3 | poor |
| Jul | 2.5 | poor |
| Aug | 3.3 | poor |
| Sep | 2.8 | poor |
| Oct | 2.1 | poor |
| Nov | 3.8 | fair |
| Dec | 6.1 | good |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Umm Ruwaba for hot-weather activities is from mid November to early March, with a peak score in the first week of January.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Umm Ruwaba, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around May (highs near 39°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 30°C), pack light clothes and sun protection.
In May, Umm Ruwaba sees daytime highs around 39°C and nights near 27°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 4 days see rain.
UV index (midday) in Umm Ruwaba by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Umm Ruwaba peaks around March 17 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 12 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 8 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 13 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 11 | Extreme |
| Nov | 9 | Very high |
| Dec | 8 | Very high |
Average hourly UV index in Umm Ruwaba
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in March the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 7 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7 | 6.5 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 4 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | 5 |
| Feb | 7.5 | 6 |
| Mar | 8 | 6 |
| Apr | 8 | 6 |
| May | 7.5 | 5 |
| Jun | 8 | 6 |
| Jul | 8 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 8.5 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Oct | 7.5 | 5.5 |
| Nov | 7 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 6.5 | 4 |
Air quality in Umm Ruwaba by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Umm Ruwaba is worst in March — around 49 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 3.6× the cleanest month (August, 14 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 43 | 43 | 49 | 40 | 25 | 21 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 22 | 24 | 34 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 43 | Poor |
| Feb | 43 | Poor |
| Mar | 49 | Poor |
| Apr | 40 | Poor |
| May | 25 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 17 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 22 | Moderate |
| Nov | 24 | Moderate |
| Dec | 34 | Moderate |
Growing season
Umm Ruwaba is frost-free year round — even the coldest nights rarely reach freezing, so there is no start or end to the growing season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Frost nights | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 |
| May | 100 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Umm Ruwaba banks about 6,855 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around May.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 419 | 439 | 584 | 649 | 711 | 661 | 609 | 568 | 581 | 640 | 542 | 451 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 419 |
| Feb | 439 |
| Mar | 584 |
| Apr | 649 |
| May | 711 |
| Jun | 661 |
| Jul | 609 |
| Aug | 568 |
| Sep | 581 |
| Oct | 640 |
| Nov | 542 |
| Dec | 451 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Umm Ruwaba receives about 6.4 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — intense — with a clear seasonal swing between 5.7 and 7.6 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 4.1 months, from around Feb 4 to Jun 8. The brightest month is April, averaging about 7.5 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is August, down near 5.8 kWh/m² — roughly 22% less than the April peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.1 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.1 | Intense |
| Feb | 6.6 | Intense |
| Mar | 7.3 | Intense |
| Apr | 7.5 | Intense |
| May | 7.0 | Intense |
| Jun | 6.3 | Intense |
| Jul | 5.8 | Bright |
| Aug | 5.8 | Bright |
| Sep | 6.2 | Intense |
| Oct | 6.1 | Intense |
| Nov | 6.2 | Intense |
| Dec | 5.8 | Bright |
Where is Umm Ruwaba?
Umm Ruwaba sits at 12.9°N, 31.2°E, 457 m above sea level, in Sudan. The nearest listed city is Ar Rahad, 65 km away.
Topography around Umm Ruwaba
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Umm Ruwaba.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Umm Ruwaba has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 13 m around an average of 451 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 30 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 974 m.
The land around Umm Ruwaba is covered by grassland (38%), cropland (31%) and artificial surfaces (29%) within 3 km, cropland (64%) and grassland (33%) within 16 km, and grassland (56%) and cropland (40%) within 80 km.
Sudan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / F / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 215% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,165
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2017
- Homicide rate
- 5.1
- per 100k, 2008
- Road deaths
- 26.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 421
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Umm Ruwaba (12.9061°, 31.2158°, elevation 457 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).