Dongola weather in December

In December, Dongola sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0 wet days and about 10.9 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs ease over the month, from about 29°C in the first days to 25°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 85% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 10 h 54 min at the start of December to 10 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Dongola's 9th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Dongola's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 27°; 11th warmest
Overnight low: 14°; 2nd coldest
Rainfall: 0 mm; 0 wet days
Daylight: 10 h 54 min; 7:29 AM – 6:20 PM
Cloud cover: 15%; 9th clearest
Wind: 19 km/h; 8th windiest
Solar energy: 5.19 kWh/m²
Travel score: 8.8; out of 10

Dongola is capital of the state of Northern in Sudan.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← November Dongola year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in December

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs ease over the month, from about 29°C in the first days to 25°C by the end.

A typical December day in Dongola reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 5°C cooler than November and about 1°C warmer than January.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	29	29	29	28	28	28	28	28	28	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	25	25
Avg low (°C)	16	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	14	14	14	14	14	14	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	12	12	12	12	12	12

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	16
2	29	15
3	29	15
4	28	15
5	28	15
6	28	15
7	28	15
8	28	15
9	28	14
10	27	14
11	27	14
12	27	14
13	27	14
14	27	14
15	27	13
16	27	13
17	26	13
18	26	13
19	26	13
20	26	13
21	26	13
22	26	13
23	26	13
24	26	13
25	26	13
26	26	12
27	26	12
28	26	12
29	26	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

How December really feels in Dongola

Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

December sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Dongola weather by month

How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 11th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	26° / 12°	0	0	11	9.2
Feb	28° / 14°	0	0	11.3	8.0
Mar	33° / 18°	0	0	11.9	5.0
Apr	38° / 22°	0	0	12.4	1.7
May	41° / 26°	0	0.1	12.9	0.0
Jun	42° / 28°	0	0	13.1	0.0
Jul	42° / 28°	2	0.5	13	0.0
Aug	42° / 29°	2	0.8	12.7	0.0
Sep	41° / 28°	0	0.1	12.1	0.0
Oct	38° / 25°	0	0.1	11.6	1.6
Nov	31° / 18°	0	0	11.1	6.0
Dec	27° / 14°	0	0	10.9	8.8

Cloud cover in December

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 85% of the time in December.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 8%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	94	94	94	93	93	93	92	92	92	92	91	91	92	92	93	93	93	93	93	92	92	92	92	92	91	90	90	89	89	89	88
Cloudier (%)	6	6	6	7	7	7	8	8	8	8	9	9	8	8	7	7	7	7	7	8	8	8	8	8	9	10	10	11	11	11	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	94	6
2	94	6
3	94	6
4	93	7
5	93	7
6	93	7
7	92	8
8	92	8
9	92	8
10	92	8
11	91	9
12	91	9
13	92	8
14	92	8
15	93	7
16	93	7
17	93	7
18	93	7
19	93	7
20	92	8
21	92	8
22	92	8
23	92	8
24	92	8
25	91	9
26	90	10
27	90	10
28	89	11
29	89	11
30	89	11
31	88	12

Chance of precipitation in December

Any precipitation

Dongola gets around 0 mm of rain over 0 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 0% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Rain chance (%)
1	0
2	0
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

Humidity in December

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Comfortable (%)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	100	0
27	100	0
28	100	0
29	100	0
30	100	0
31	100	0

Wind in December

Winds average 19 km/h in December.

Across December, daily wind ranges from about 18 km/h on the calmest days to 19 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	18	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19	19
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	18	light breeze
2	19	light breeze
3	19	light breeze
4	19	light breeze
5	19	light breeze
6	19	light breeze
7	19	light breeze
8	19	light breeze
9	19	light breeze
10	19	light breeze
11	19	light breeze
12	19	light breeze
13	19	light breeze
14	19	light breeze
15	19	light breeze
16	19	light breeze
17	19	light breeze
18	19	light breeze
19	19	light breeze
20	19	light breeze
21	19	light breeze
22	19	light breeze
23	19	light breeze
24	19	light breeze
25	19	light breeze
26	19	light breeze
27	19	light breeze
28	19	light breeze
29	19	light breeze
30	19	light breeze
31	19	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in December

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 10 h 54 min at the start of December to 10 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 0 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 7:20 AM to 7:35 AM, and sunset from 6:16 PM to 6:27 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.9
Sunrise (AM)	7:20	7:21	7:21	7:22	7:22	7:23	7:24	7:24	7:25	7:25	7:26	7:27	7:27	7:28	7:28	7:29	7:29	7:30	7:30	7:31	7:31	7:32	7:32	7:33	7:33	7:34	7:34	7:34	7:35	7:35	7:35
Sunset (PM)	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:17	6:17	6:17	6:17	6:18	6:18	6:18	6:19	6:19	6:19	6:20	6:20	6:21	6:21	6:21	6:22	6:22	6:23	6:23	6:24	6:24	6:25	6:25	6:26	6:26	6:27

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	10.9	7:20	6:16
2	10.9	7:21	6:16
3	10.9	7:21	6:16
4	10.9	7:22	6:16
5	10.9	7:22	6:16
6	10.9	7:23	6:17
7	10.9	7:24	6:17
8	10.9	7:24	6:17
9	10.9	7:25	6:17
10	10.9	7:25	6:18
11	10.9	7:26	6:18
12	10.9	7:27	6:18
13	10.9	7:27	6:19
14	10.9	7:28	6:19
15	10.9	7:28	6:19
16	10.9	7:29	6:20
17	10.8	7:29	6:20
18	10.8	7:30	6:21
19	10.8	7:30	6:21
20	10.8	7:31	6:21
21	10.8	7:31	6:22
22	10.8	7:32	6:22
23	10.8	7:32	6:23
24	10.8	7:33	6:23
25	10.8	7:33	6:24
26	10.8	7:34	6:24
27	10.8	7:34	6:25
28	10.9	7:34	6:25
29	10.9	7:35	6:26
30	10.9	7:35	6:26
31	10.9	7:35	6:27

Solar energy in December

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 5.19 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.19 kWh/m² to a high of 7.81 kWh/m² in May across the year — December's 5.19 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.3	Bright
2	5.3	Bright
3	5.3	Bright
4	5.3	Bright
5	5.3	Bright
6	5.3	Bright
7	5.2	Bright
8	5.2	Bright
9	5.2	Bright
10	5.2	Bright
11	5.2	Bright
12	5.2	Bright
13	5.2	Bright
14	5.2	Bright
15	5.2	Bright
16	5.2	Bright
17	5.2	Bright
18	5.2	Bright
19	5.2	Bright
20	5.2	Bright
21	5.2	Bright
22	5.2	Bright
23	5.2	Bright
24	5.2	Bright
25	5.2	Bright
26	5.2	Bright
27	5.2	Bright
28	5.2	Bright
29	5.2	Bright
30	5.2	Bright
31	5.2	Bright

Planning a trip in December

Hazard calendar for Dongola

In seasonPeak

None of Dongola's seasonal hazards are active in December. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Dongola sees seasonal dust haze (March–October), heaviest in June.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is December a good time to visit Dongola?

Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

8.8

Sightseeing

2nd-best month of the year

8.8

Beach & pool

3rd-best month of the year

December is one of the better times to visit Dongola for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Dongola in December

From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In December, Dongola sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 14°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.

light clothessun protection

UV index in Dongola in December

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Dongola peaks around May 24 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 14 at about 7 (high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	8	10	11	12	12	12	10	10	11	9	7	7
Level	Very high	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Extreme	Very high	Very high	High

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	8	Very high
Feb	10	Very high
Mar	11	Extreme
Apr	12	Extreme
May	12	Extreme
Jun	12	Extreme
Jul	10	Extreme
Aug	10	Very high
Sep	11	Extreme
Oct	9	Very high
Nov	7	Very high
Dec	7	High

Air quality in Dongola in December

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where December falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Dongola is worst in March — around 82 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.9× the cleanest month (July, 43 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	70	71	82	72	71	69	43	50	70	76	59	66
Level	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Poor	Poor	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	70	Unhealthy
Feb	71	Unhealthy
Mar	82	Unhealthy
Apr	72	Unhealthy
May	71	Unhealthy
Jun	69	Unhealthy
Jul	43	Poor
Aug	50	Poor
Sep	70	Unhealthy
Oct	76	Unhealthy
Nov	59	Unhealthy
Dec	66	Unhealthy

Location & terrain

Where is Dongola?

Dongola sits at 19.2°N, 30.5°E, 226 m above sea level, in Sudan. The nearest listed city is Kuraymah, 161 km away.

Topography around Dongola

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Dongola.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Dongola has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 19 m around an average of 228 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 36 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 270 m.

The land around Dongola is covered by artificial surfaces (32%), cropland (24%) and bare terrain (20%) within 3 km, bare terrain (70%) and cropland (20%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (95%) within 80 km.

3 km

19 m

artificial surfaces 32%

16 km

36 m

bare terrain 70%

80 km

270 m

bare terrain 95%

treesshrubscroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← November Dongola year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

December weather nearby: Kuraymah 161 km · Abu Simbel 371 km · El Bauga 376 km · Berber 391 km · Atbara 405 km · Ad-Damir 409 km · Shendi 418 km · Omdurman 447 km

Sudan travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 4; Do Not Travel
Power plugs: Type C / D / F / G; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 215% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $1,165; 2025
Happiness: 4.1 / 10; World Happiness, 2017
Homicide rate: 5.1; per 100k, 2008
Road deaths: 26.8; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Low; World Bank
English: Very low; EF EPI 421

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Dongola (19.1816°, 30.4769°, elevation 226 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	16
2	29	15
3	29	15
4	28	15
5	28	15
6	28	15
7	28	15
8	28	15
9	28	14
10	27	14
11	27	14
12	27	14
13	27	14
14	27	14
15	27	13
16	27	13
17	26	13
18	26	13
19	26	13
20	26	13
21	26	13
22	26	13
23	26	13
24	26	13
25	26	13
26	26	12
27	26	12
28	26	12
29	26	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	94	6
2	94	6
3	94	6
4	93	7
5	93	7
6	93	7
7	92	8
8	92	8
9	92	8
10	92	8
11	91	9
12	91	9
13	92	8
14	92	8
15	93	7
16	93	7
17	93	7
18	93	7
19	93	7
20	92	8
21	92	8
22	92	8
23	92	8
24	92	8
25	91	9
26	90	10
27	90	10
28	89	11
29	89	11
30	89	11
31	88	12

	Rain chance (%)
1	0
2	0
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	100	0
27	100	0
28	100	0
29	100	0
30	100	0
31	100	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	16
2	29	15
3	29	15
4	28	15
5	28	15
6	28	15
7	28	15
8	28	15
9	28	14
10	27	14
11	27	14
12	27	14
13	27	14
14	27	14
15	27	13
16	27	13
17	26	13
18	26	13
19	26	13
20	26	13
21	26	13
22	26	13
23	26	13
24	26	13
25	26	13
26	26	12
27	26	12
28	26	12
29	26	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	94	6
2	94	6
3	94	6
4	93	7
5	93	7
6	93	7
7	92	8
8	92	8
9	92	8
10	92	8
11	91	9
12	91	9
13	92	8
14	92	8
15	93	7
16	93	7
17	93	7
18	93	7
19	93	7
20	92	8
21	92	8
22	92	8
23	92	8
24	92	8
25	91	9
26	90	10
27	90	10
28	89	11
29	89	11
30	89	11
31	88	12

	Rain chance (%)
1	0
2	0
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	100	0
27	100	0
28	100	0
29	100	0
30	100	0
31	100	0

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	29	16
2	29	15
3	29	15
4	28	15
5	28	15
6	28	15
7	28	15
8	28	15
9	28	14
10	27	14
11	27	14
12	27	14
13	27	14
14	27	14
15	27	13
16	27	13
17	26	13
18	26	13
19	26	13
20	26	13
21	26	13
22	26	13
23	26	13
24	26	13
25	26	13
26	26	12
27	26	12
28	26	12
29	26	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	94	6
2	94	6
3	94	6
4	93	7
5	93	7
6	93	7
7	92	8
8	92	8
9	92	8
10	92	8
11	91	9
12	91	9
13	92	8
14	92	8
15	93	7
16	93	7
17	93	7
18	93	7
19	93	7
20	92	8
21	92	8
22	92	8
23	92	8
24	92	8
25	91	9
26	90	10
27	90	10
28	89	11
29	89	11
30	89	11
31	88	12

	Rain chance (%)
1	0
2	0
3	0
4	0
5	0
6	0
7	0
8	0
9	0
10	0
11	0
12	0
13	0
14	0
15	0
16	0
17	0
18	0
19	0
20	0
21	0
22	0
23	0
24	0
25	0
26	0
27	0
28	0
29	0
30	0
31	0

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	100	0
13	100	0
14	100	0
15	100	0
16	100	0
17	100	0
18	100	0
19	100	0
20	100	0
21	100	0
22	100	0
23	100	0
24	100	0
25	100	0
26	100	0
27	100	0
28	100	0
29	100	0
30	100	0
31	100	0