Shendi weather in February
In February, Shendi sees average daytime highs of 32°C and overnight lows near 17°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0 wet days and about 11.4 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 31°C in the first days to 33°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 86% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Shendi's 5th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Shendi's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 32°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 17°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 24 min
- 7:18 AM – 6:44 PM
- Cloud cover
- 14%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 18 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.36 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.6
- out of 10
Shendi is human settlement in Sudan.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 31°C in the first days to 33°C by the end.
A typical February day in Shendi reaches about 32°C in the afternoon and slips back to 17°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 36°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 17 |
| 2 | 31 | 17 |
| 3 | 31 | 17 |
| 4 | 31 | 17 |
| 5 | 31 | 17 |
| 6 | 31 | 17 |
| 7 | 31 | 17 |
| 8 | 31 | 17 |
| 9 | 31 | 17 |
| 10 | 31 | 17 |
| 11 | 31 | 17 |
| 12 | 31 | 17 |
| 13 | 31 | 17 |
| 14 | 32 | 17 |
| 15 | 32 | 17 |
| 16 | 32 | 17 |
| 17 | 32 | 18 |
| 18 | 32 | 18 |
| 19 | 32 | 18 |
| 20 | 32 | 18 |
| 21 | 32 | 18 |
| 22 | 33 | 18 |
| 23 | 33 | 18 |
| 24 | 33 | 18 |
| 25 | 33 | 18 |
| 26 | 33 | 19 |
| 27 | 33 | 19 |
| 28 | 34 | 19 |
How February really feels in Shendi
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 11 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Shendi weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 16° | 0 | 0 | 11.1 | 7.2 |
| Feb | 32° / 17° | 0 | 0 | 11.4 | 5.6 |
| Mar | 35° / 20° | 0 | 0 | 11.9 | 3.2 |
| Apr | 39° / 24° | 0 | 0 | 12.4 | 0.7 |
| May | 41° / 27° | 2 | 0.7 | 12.8 | 0.0 |
| Jun | 41° / 28° | 1 | 0.4 | 13 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 39° / 28° | 11 | 3.4 | 12.9 | 0.5 |
| Aug | 38° / 27° | 15 | 3.7 | 12.6 | 0.9 |
| Sep | 40° / 28° | 5 | 1.4 | 12.1 | 0.3 |
| Oct | 39° / 26° | 2 | 0.5 | 11.6 | 1.0 |
| Nov | 34° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 11.2 | 3.9 |
| Dec | 31° / 18° | 0 | 0 | 11 | 6.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 86% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 6%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| Cloudier (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 95 | 5 |
| 2 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 95 | 5 |
| 5 | 95 | 5 |
| 6 | 94 | 6 |
| 7 | 94 | 6 |
| 8 | 93 | 7 |
| 9 | 93 | 7 |
| 10 | 93 | 7 |
| 11 | 93 | 7 |
| 12 | 93 | 7 |
| 13 | 93 | 7 |
| 14 | 93 | 7 |
| 15 | 93 | 7 |
| 16 | 93 | 7 |
| 17 | 93 | 7 |
| 18 | 93 | 7 |
| 19 | 93 | 7 |
| 20 | 94 | 6 |
| 21 | 94 | 6 |
| 22 | 94 | 6 |
| 23 | 94 | 6 |
| 24 | 94 | 6 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 94 | 6 |
| 28 | 94 | 6 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Shendi gets around 0 mm of rain over 0 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 0% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 99% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 99 | 1 |
| 2 | 99 | 1 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 99 | 1 |
| 15 | 99 | 1 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 99 | 1 |
| 26 | 99 | 1 |
| 27 | 99 | 1 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in February
Winds average 18 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 18 km/h on the calmest days to 18 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | light breeze |
| 2 | 18 | light breeze |
| 3 | 18 | light breeze |
| 4 | 18 | light breeze |
| 5 | 18 | light breeze |
| 6 | 18 | light breeze |
| 7 | 18 | light breeze |
| 8 | 18 | light breeze |
| 9 | 18 | light breeze |
| 10 | 18 | light breeze |
| 11 | 18 | light breeze |
| 12 | 18 | light breeze |
| 13 | 18 | light breeze |
| 14 | 18 | light breeze |
| 15 | 18 | light breeze |
| 16 | 18 | light breeze |
| 17 | 18 | light breeze |
| 18 | 18 | light breeze |
| 19 | 18 | light breeze |
| 20 | 18 | light breeze |
| 21 | 18 | light breeze |
| 22 | 18 | light breeze |
| 23 | 18 | light breeze |
| 24 | 18 | light breeze |
| 25 | 18 | light breeze |
| 26 | 18 | light breeze |
| 27 | 18 | light breeze |
| 28 | 18 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 h 18 min at the start of February to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:22 AM to 7:11 AM, and sunset from 6:38 PM to 6:49 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:11 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:49 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.3 | 7:22 | 6:38 |
| 2 | 11.3 | 7:22 | 6:38 |
| 3 | 11.3 | 7:22 | 6:39 |
| 4 | 11.3 | 7:21 | 6:39 |
| 5 | 11.3 | 7:21 | 6:40 |
| 6 | 11.3 | 7:21 | 6:40 |
| 7 | 11.3 | 7:21 | 6:41 |
| 8 | 11.3 | 7:20 | 6:41 |
| 9 | 11.4 | 7:20 | 6:42 |
| 10 | 11.4 | 7:20 | 6:42 |
| 11 | 11.4 | 7:19 | 6:42 |
| 12 | 11.4 | 7:19 | 6:43 |
| 13 | 11.4 | 7:18 | 6:43 |
| 14 | 11.4 | 7:18 | 6:44 |
| 15 | 11.4 | 7:18 | 6:44 |
| 16 | 11.5 | 7:17 | 6:44 |
| 17 | 11.5 | 7:17 | 6:45 |
| 18 | 11.5 | 7:16 | 6:45 |
| 19 | 11.5 | 7:16 | 6:46 |
| 20 | 11.5 | 7:15 | 6:46 |
| 21 | 11.5 | 7:15 | 6:46 |
| 22 | 11.5 | 7:14 | 6:47 |
| 23 | 11.6 | 7:14 | 6:47 |
| 24 | 11.6 | 7:13 | 6:47 |
| 25 | 11.6 | 7:13 | 6:48 |
| 26 | 11.6 | 7:12 | 6:48 |
| 27 | 11.6 | 7:11 | 6:48 |
| 28 | 11.6 | 7:11 | 6:49 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.36 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.44 kWh/m² to a high of 7.7 kWh/m² in April across the year — February's 6.36 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.7 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Shendi
None of Shendi's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Shendi sees seasonal dust haze (May–September), heaviest in June.
Is February a good time to visit Shendi?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Shendi for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Shendi in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Shendi sees daytime highs around 32°C and nights near 17°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Shendi in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Shendi peaks around April 14 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 15 at about 7 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
| Level | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Very high |
| Feb | 11 | Extreme |
| Mar | 11 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 10 | Extreme |
| Oct | 10 | Very high |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 7 | High |
Air quality in Shendi in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Shendi is worst in March — around 56 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.7× the cleanest month (October, 32 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 52 | 53 | 56 | 48 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 39 | 36 | 32 | 35 | 43 |
| Level | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 52 | Poor |
| Feb | 53 | Poor |
| Mar | 56 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 48 | Poor |
| May | 45 | Poor |
| Jun | 44 | Poor |
| Jul | 44 | Poor |
| Aug | 39 | Poor |
| Sep | 36 | Poor |
| Oct | 32 | Moderate |
| Nov | 35 | Moderate |
| Dec | 43 | Poor |
Where is Shendi?
Shendi sits at 16.7°N, 33.4°E, 366 m above sea level, in Sudan. The nearest listed city is Ad-Damir, 116 km away.
Topography around Shendi
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Shendi.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Shendi has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 15 m around an average of 361 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 84 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 228 m.
The land around Shendi is covered by bare terrain (47%) and cropland (24%) within 3 km, bare terrain (72%) and cropland (22%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (93%) within 80 km.
Sudan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / F / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 215% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,165
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2017
- Homicide rate
- 5.1
- per 100k, 2008
- Road deaths
- 26.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 421
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Shendi (16.6915°, 33.4341°, elevation 366 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).