Chato weather in February
In February, Chato sees average daytime highs of 28°C and overnight lows near 20°C, with 48 mm of rain across 11 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Chato's 6th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Chato's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 28°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 20°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 48 mm
- 11 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 06 min
- 7:05 AM – 7:10 PM
- Cloud cover
- 67%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.07 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.9
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month.
A typical February day in Chato reaches about 28°C in the afternoon and slips back to 20°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 25°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 20 |
| 2 | 27 | 20 |
| 3 | 27 | 20 |
| 4 | 27 | 20 |
| 5 | 27 | 20 |
| 6 | 28 | 20 |
| 7 | 28 | 20 |
| 8 | 28 | 20 |
| 9 | 28 | 20 |
| 10 | 28 | 20 |
| 11 | 28 | 20 |
| 12 | 28 | 20 |
| 13 | 28 | 20 |
| 14 | 28 | 20 |
| 15 | 28 | 20 |
| 16 | 28 | 20 |
| 17 | 28 | 20 |
| 18 | 28 | 20 |
| 19 | 28 | 20 |
| 20 | 28 | 20 |
| 21 | 28 | 20 |
| 22 | 28 | 20 |
| 23 | 28 | 20 |
| 24 | 28 | 20 |
| 25 | 28 | 20 |
| 26 | 28 | 20 |
| 27 | 28 | 20 |
| 28 | 28 | 20 |
Chato weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 4th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 20° | 72 | 16.3 | 12.1 | 5.5 |
| Feb | 28° / 20° | 48 | 11 | 12.1 | 5.9 |
| Mar | 28° / 20° | 90 | 16.3 | 12 | 5.4 |
| Apr | 27° / 20° | 114 | 18.4 | 11.9 | 5.0 |
| May | 27° / 20° | 45 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 28° / 20° | 12 | 2.6 | 11.9 | 7.4 |
| Jul | 28° / 20° | 6 | 1.3 | 11.9 | 7.3 |
| Aug | 28° / 20° | 28 | 6.1 | 11.9 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 28° / 20° | 61 | 12.8 | 12 | 5.9 |
| Oct | 27° / 20° | 124 | 21.7 | 12.1 | 4.7 |
| Nov | 26° / 20° | 172 | 26.3 | 12.1 | 4.0 |
| Dec | 26° / 20° | 115 | 21.5 | 12.1 | 4.8 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 18% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 62%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 |
| Cloudier (%) | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 57 |
| 2 | 43 | 57 |
| 3 | 43 | 57 |
| 4 | 43 | 57 |
| 5 | 43 | 57 |
| 6 | 42 | 58 |
| 7 | 42 | 58 |
| 8 | 41 | 59 |
| 9 | 39 | 61 |
| 10 | 39 | 61 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 38 | 62 |
| 13 | 37 | 63 |
| 14 | 36 | 64 |
| 15 | 35 | 65 |
| 16 | 35 | 65 |
| 17 | 35 | 65 |
| 18 | 35 | 65 |
| 19 | 34 | 66 |
| 20 | 34 | 66 |
| 21 | 35 | 65 |
| 22 | 37 | 63 |
| 23 | 37 | 63 |
| 24 | 37 | 63 |
| 25 | 37 | 63 |
| 26 | 37 | 63 |
| 27 | 36 | 64 |
| 28 | 36 | 64 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Chato gets around 48 mm of rain over 11 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 40% and peaks near 43% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 43 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 40 |
| 2 | 40 |
| 3 | 39 |
| 4 | 39 |
| 5 | 39 |
| 6 | 39 |
| 7 | 39 |
| 8 | 39 |
| 9 | 39 |
| 10 | 39 |
| 11 | 39 |
| 12 | 39 |
| 13 | 39 |
| 14 | 39 |
| 15 | 39 |
| 16 | 39 |
| 17 | 39 |
| 18 | 39 |
| 19 | 39 |
| 20 | 39 |
| 21 | 39 |
| 22 | 40 |
| 23 | 40 |
| 24 | 41 |
| 25 | 41 |
| 26 | 42 |
| 27 | 42 |
| 28 | 43 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 65% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 65% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 |
| Muggy (%) | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 31 | 69 |
| 3 | 31 | 69 |
| 4 | 32 | 68 |
| 5 | 33 | 67 |
| 6 | 34 | 66 |
| 7 | 34 | 66 |
| 8 | 35 | 65 |
| 9 | 36 | 64 |
| 10 | 36 | 64 |
| 11 | 37 | 63 |
| 12 | 37 | 63 |
| 13 | 37 | 63 |
| 14 | 37 | 63 |
| 15 | 37 | 63 |
| 16 | 37 | 63 |
| 17 | 37 | 63 |
| 18 | 37 | 63 |
| 19 | 37 | 63 |
| 20 | 37 | 63 |
| 21 | 37 | 63 |
| 22 | 37 | 63 |
| 23 | 37 | 63 |
| 24 | 36 | 64 |
| 25 | 36 | 64 |
| 26 | 36 | 64 |
| 27 | 35 | 65 |
| 28 | 35 | 65 |
Wind in February
Winds average 7 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:03 AM to 7:05 AM, and sunset from 7:10 PM to 7:08 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:08 | 7:08 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 7:03 | 7:10 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 7:03 | 7:10 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 7:03 | 7:10 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 7:04 | 7:10 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 16 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:10 |
| 21 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 22 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 23 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 24 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:09 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:08 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:08 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 7:05 | 7:08 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.07 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.13 kWh/m² to a high of 6.07 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.07 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 3 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 4 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 6 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Chato
None of Chato's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Chato's rainy season runs March–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Chato?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Chato for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Chato in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Chato sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 20°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Chato in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Chato peaks around March 14 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Chato in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Chato is worst in July — around 22 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.7× the cleanest month (April, 13 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 22 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 21 | 22 | 20 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 17 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22 | Moderate |
| Feb | 20 | Moderate |
| Mar | 16 | Moderate |
| Apr | 13 | Moderate |
| May | 13 | Moderate |
| Jun | 21 | Moderate |
| Jul | 22 | Moderate |
| Aug | 20 | Moderate |
| Sep | 17 | Moderate |
| Oct | 14 | Moderate |
| Nov | 15 | Moderate |
| Dec | 17 | Moderate |
Where is Chato?
Chato sits at 2.6°S, 31.8°E, 1,150 m above sea level, in Tanzania. The nearest listed city is Mhalamba, 28 km away.
Topography around Chato
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Chato.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Chato has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 47 m around an average of 1,143 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 271 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 710 m.
The land around Chato is covered by water (34%) and cropland (30%) within 3 km, water (45%) and cropland (33%) within 16 km, and cropland (36%) and water (21%) within 80 km.
Tanzania travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,319
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.7
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 31.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 479
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Chato (-2.6378°, 31.7669°, elevation 1,150 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).