Aspen weather in September
In September, Aspen sees average daytime highs of 58°F and overnight lows near 33°F, with 2.1 in of precipitation across 10.4 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 63°F in the first days to 54°F by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 45% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Aspen's 2nd-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Aspen's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 58°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 33°
- 10th coldest
- Precipitation
- 2.1 in
- 10.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 18 min
- 5:54 AM – 6:09 PM
- Cloud cover
- 42%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 4 mph
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.76 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.5
- out of 10
Aspen is city in and county seat of Pitkin County, Colorado, United States.
- Density
- 685/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1879
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 63°F in the first days to 54°F by the end.
A typical September day in Aspen reaches about 58°F in the afternoon and slips back to 33°F overnight — a 25°F spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 50°F and 66°F. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 7°F cooler than August and about 13°F warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°F) | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 |
| Avg low (°F) | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Avg high (°F) | Avg low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 63 | 37 |
| 2 | 63 | 37 |
| 3 | 63 | 37 |
| 4 | 62 | 37 |
| 5 | 62 | 36 |
| 6 | 62 | 36 |
| 7 | 61 | 36 |
| 8 | 61 | 35 |
| 9 | 61 | 35 |
| 10 | 60 | 35 |
| 11 | 60 | 34 |
| 12 | 60 | 34 |
| 13 | 59 | 34 |
| 14 | 59 | 33 |
| 15 | 58 | 33 |
| 16 | 58 | 33 |
| 17 | 58 | 32 |
| 18 | 57 | 32 |
| 19 | 57 | 32 |
| 20 | 57 | 31 |
| 21 | 56 | 31 |
| 22 | 56 | 31 |
| 23 | 56 | 31 |
| 24 | 55 | 30 |
| 25 | 55 | 30 |
| 26 | 55 | 30 |
| 27 | 54 | 29 |
| 28 | 54 | 29 |
| 29 | 53 | 29 |
| 30 | 53 | 28 |
How September really feels in Aspen
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 90°F and 24 that feel at or below 32°F — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Aspen weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°F) | Rainfall (inches) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 6° | 2.3 | 11.3 | 13 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 27° / 8° | 2.4 | 13.1 | 14 | 10.5 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 34° / 14° | 2.5 | 12.5 | 13 | 11.7 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 39° / 19° | 3.3 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13 | 0.0 |
| May | 48° / 26° | 2.2 | 11.4 | 7.3 | 14.1 | 1.7 |
| Jun | 60° / 32° | 1.2 | 7.1 | 1.2 | 14.7 | 5.4 |
| Jul | 68° / 40° | 2.3 | 11.7 | 0.1 | 14.5 | 6.2 |
| Aug | 66° / 40° | 2.6 | 13.9 | 0.1 | 13.5 | 5.7 |
| Sep | 58° / 33° | 2.1 | 10.4 | 2.1 | 12.3 | 4.5 |
| Oct | 45° / 21° | 2.1 | 9.8 | 7.7 | 11 | 1.2 |
| Nov | 33° / 8° | 2.1 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 0.0 |
| Dec | 24° / 3° | 2.2 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 45% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 25% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 31%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 70 |
| Cloudier (%) | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 30 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 66 | 34 |
| 2 | 66 | 34 |
| 3 | 67 | 33 |
| 4 | 67 | 33 |
| 5 | 67 | 33 |
| 6 | 67 | 33 |
| 7 | 67 | 33 |
| 8 | 67 | 33 |
| 9 | 67 | 33 |
| 10 | 67 | 33 |
| 11 | 67 | 33 |
| 12 | 68 | 32 |
| 13 | 67 | 33 |
| 14 | 68 | 32 |
| 15 | 69 | 31 |
| 16 | 69 | 31 |
| 17 | 70 | 30 |
| 18 | 71 | 29 |
| 19 | 72 | 28 |
| 20 | 73 | 27 |
| 21 | 72 | 28 |
| 22 | 73 | 27 |
| 23 | 73 | 27 |
| 24 | 73 | 27 |
| 25 | 73 | 27 |
| 26 | 72 | 28 |
| 27 | 72 | 28 |
| 28 | 72 | 28 |
| 29 | 70 | 30 |
| 30 | 70 | 30 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Aspen gets around 2.1 in of rain and snow over 10.4 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 36% and peaks near 41% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Snow chance (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 41 | 2 |
| 2 | 41 | 2 |
| 3 | 40 | 2 |
| 4 | 40 | 2 |
| 5 | 40 | 3 |
| 6 | 39 | 3 |
| 7 | 39 | 3 |
| 8 | 39 | 3 |
| 9 | 39 | 4 |
| 10 | 39 | 4 |
| 11 | 39 | 4 |
| 12 | 39 | 5 |
| 13 | 39 | 5 |
| 14 | 38 | 6 |
| 15 | 38 | 6 |
| 16 | 37 | 7 |
| 17 | 36 | 7 |
| 18 | 35 | 8 |
| 19 | 35 | 8 |
| 20 | 34 | 9 |
| 21 | 33 | 10 |
| 22 | 33 | 10 |
| 23 | 32 | 11 |
| 24 | 32 | 12 |
| 25 | 32 | 12 |
| 26 | 32 | 13 |
| 27 | 33 | 14 |
| 28 | 33 | 15 |
| 29 | 33 | 16 |
| 30 | 33 | 16 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 4 mph in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 4 mph on the calmest days to 4 mph at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (mph) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (mph) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 78 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:40 AM to 6:07 AM, and sunset from 6:34 PM to 5:46 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:34 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:29 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:21 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:11 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:04 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 5:59 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:54 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:49 | 5:47 | 5:46 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 5:40 | 6:34 |
| 2 | 12.9 | 5:41 | 6:32 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 5:42 | 6:31 |
| 4 | 12.8 | 5:43 | 6:29 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 5:44 | 6:27 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 5:45 | 6:26 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 5:46 | 6:24 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 5:47 | 6:23 |
| 9 | 12.6 | 5:47 | 6:21 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 5:48 | 6:19 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 5:49 | 6:18 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 5:50 | 6:16 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 5:51 | 6:14 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 5:52 | 6:13 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 5:53 | 6:11 |
| 16 | 12.3 | 5:54 | 6:09 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 5:55 | 6:07 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 5:56 | 6:06 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 5:57 | 6:04 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 5:58 | 6:02 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:59 | 6:01 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:00 | 5:59 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 6:01 | 5:57 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:02 | 5:56 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 6:03 | 5:54 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 6:04 | 5:52 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 6:04 | 5:51 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:05 | 5:49 |
| 29 | 11.7 | 6:06 | 5:47 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 6:07 | 5:46 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.76 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.54 kWh/m² to a high of 8.29 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 5.76 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.1 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Aspen?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Aspen for sightseeing.
What to pack for Aspen in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Aspen sees daytime highs around 58°F and nights near 33°F. Worth packing: a warm layer, rain gear and sun protection. About 10 days see rain.
UV index in Aspen in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 8 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Aspen peaks around June 22 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 7 | High |
| Apr | 7 | Very high |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Where is Aspen?
Aspen sits at 39.2°N, 106.8°W, 0 ft above sea level, in United States. The nearest listed city is Montrose, 75 mi away.
Topography around Aspen
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 2, 10 and 50 miles of Aspen.
Within 2 miles, the terrain around Aspen has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,887 ft around an average of 8,688 ft above sea level; within 10 miles, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,417 ft; within 50 miles, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 8,927 ft.
The land around Aspen is covered by trees (77%) within 2 miles, trees (74%) within 10 miles, and trees (64%) and grassland (24%) within 50 miles.
United States travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 100% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $90,027
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Aspen (39.1911°, -106.8175°, elevation 0 ft), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).