Moab weather in September
In September, Moab sees average daytime highs of 80°F and overnight lows near 55°F, with 1.2 in of rain across 5.3 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 85°F in the first days to 74°F by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 68% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Moab's 1st-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Moab's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 80°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 55°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 1.2 in
- 5.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:05 AM – 6:20 PM
- Cloud cover
- 29%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 5 mph
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.96 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.6
- out of 10
Moab is city in and county seat of Grand County, Utah, United States.
- Density
- 424/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1878
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 85°F in the first days to 74°F by the end.
A typical September day in Moab reaches about 80°F in the afternoon and slips back to 55°F overnight — a 25°F spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 69°F and 88°F. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 9°F cooler than August and about 14°F warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°F) | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 |
| Avg low (°F) | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 49 |
| Avg high (°F) | Avg low (°F) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 86 | 61 |
| 2 | 85 | 61 |
| 3 | 85 | 60 |
| 4 | 85 | 60 |
| 5 | 84 | 59 |
| 6 | 84 | 59 |
| 7 | 83 | 58 |
| 8 | 83 | 58 |
| 9 | 82 | 58 |
| 10 | 82 | 57 |
| 11 | 81 | 57 |
| 12 | 81 | 56 |
| 13 | 80 | 56 |
| 14 | 80 | 55 |
| 15 | 80 | 55 |
| 16 | 79 | 55 |
| 17 | 79 | 54 |
| 18 | 78 | 54 |
| 19 | 78 | 53 |
| 20 | 78 | 53 |
| 21 | 77 | 53 |
| 22 | 77 | 52 |
| 23 | 77 | 52 |
| 24 | 76 | 51 |
| 25 | 76 | 51 |
| 26 | 75 | 51 |
| 27 | 75 | 50 |
| 28 | 74 | 50 |
| 29 | 74 | 49 |
| 30 | 73 | 49 |
How September really feels in Moab
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 90°F and 0 that feel at or below 32°F — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Moab weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°F) | Rainfall (inches) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 39° / 20° | 0.9 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 46° / 26° | 0.9 | 6.2 | 3.9 | 10.5 | 1.4 |
| Mar | 57° / 34° | 1.0 | 5.5 | 2.6 | 11.7 | 4.6 |
| Apr | 64° / 40° | 0.9 | 5.7 | 1.2 | 13 | 6.5 |
| May | 75° / 50° | 0.6 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 14.1 | 8.0 |
| Jun | 87° / 60° | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0 | 14.6 | 6.1 |
| Jul | 92° / 67° | 0.5 | 3 | 0 | 14.4 | 4.0 |
| Aug | 89° / 64° | 0.8 | 4.8 | 0 | 13.5 | 5.0 |
| Sep | 80° / 55° | 1.2 | 5.3 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.6 |
| Oct | 66° / 42° | 1.0 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 11 | 7.1 |
| Nov | 52° / 31° | 0.9 | 4.8 | 2.3 | 9.9 | 3.2 |
| Dec | 40° / 20° | 0.9 | 5 | 4.3 | 9.4 | 0.2 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 68% of the time in September, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 18%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 |
| Cloudier (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 83 | 17 |
| 2 | 83 | 17 |
| 3 | 83 | 17 |
| 4 | 83 | 17 |
| 5 | 83 | 17 |
| 6 | 82 | 18 |
| 7 | 82 | 18 |
| 8 | 82 | 18 |
| 9 | 82 | 18 |
| 10 | 82 | 18 |
| 11 | 81 | 19 |
| 12 | 81 | 19 |
| 13 | 81 | 19 |
| 14 | 81 | 19 |
| 15 | 81 | 19 |
| 16 | 81 | 19 |
| 17 | 82 | 18 |
| 18 | 82 | 18 |
| 19 | 83 | 17 |
| 20 | 83 | 17 |
| 21 | 83 | 17 |
| 22 | 84 | 16 |
| 23 | 84 | 16 |
| 24 | 83 | 17 |
| 25 | 83 | 17 |
| 26 | 84 | 16 |
| 27 | 83 | 17 |
| 28 | 83 | 17 |
| 29 | 82 | 18 |
| 30 | 82 | 18 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Moab gets around 1.2 in of rain over 5.3 wet days in September, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 18% and peaks near 22% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 15 |
| 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 16 |
| 4 | 17 |
| 5 | 18 |
| 6 | 19 |
| 7 | 19 |
| 8 | 20 |
| 9 | 21 |
| 10 | 21 |
| 11 | 22 |
| 12 | 22 |
| 13 | 22 |
| 14 | 22 |
| 15 | 21 |
| 16 | 21 |
| 17 | 20 |
| 18 | 19 |
| 19 | 18 |
| 20 | 17 |
| 21 | 17 |
| 22 | 16 |
| 23 | 16 |
| 24 | 16 |
| 25 | 16 |
| 26 | 17 |
| 27 | 17 |
| 28 | 17 |
| 29 | 18 |
| 30 | 18 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 98% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 96 | 4 |
| 2 | 96 | 4 |
| 3 | 96 | 4 |
| 4 | 96 | 4 |
| 5 | 96 | 4 |
| 6 | 96 | 4 |
| 7 | 96 | 4 |
| 8 | 96 | 4 |
| 9 | 97 | 3 |
| 10 | 97 | 3 |
| 11 | 97 | 3 |
| 12 | 97 | 3 |
| 13 | 97 | 3 |
| 14 | 98 | 2 |
| 15 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 98 | 2 |
| 17 | 98 | 2 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in September
Winds average 5 mph in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 5 mph on the calmest days to 5 mph at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (mph) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (mph) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of September to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 78 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:52 AM to 6:18 AM, and sunset from 6:44 PM to 5:57 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:18 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:38 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:33 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:25 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:20 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:15 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:10 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:05 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:57 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 5:52 | 6:44 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 5:52 | 6:43 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 5:53 | 6:41 |
| 4 | 12.8 | 5:54 | 6:40 |
| 5 | 12.7 | 5:55 | 6:38 |
| 6 | 12.7 | 5:56 | 6:36 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 5:57 | 6:35 |
| 8 | 12.6 | 5:58 | 6:33 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:59 | 6:31 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 6:00 | 6:30 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 6:01 | 6:28 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 6:01 | 6:27 |
| 13 | 12.4 | 6:02 | 6:25 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 6:03 | 6:23 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 6:04 | 6:22 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:05 | 6:20 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:06 | 6:18 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:07 | 6:17 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:08 | 6:15 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:09 | 6:13 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:10 | 6:12 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:11 | 6:10 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 6:12 | 6:08 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:12 | 6:07 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 6:13 | 6:05 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 6:14 | 6:03 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 6:15 | 6:02 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 6:00 |
| 29 | 11.7 | 6:17 | 5:59 |
| 30 | 11.6 | 6:18 | 5:57 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.96 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.64 kWh/m² to a high of 8.42 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 5.96 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.3 | Bright |
Is September a good time to visit Moab?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Moab for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Moab in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Moab sees daytime highs around 80°F and nights near 55°F. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 5 days see rain.
UV index in Moab in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 8 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Moab peaks around July 18 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Moderate |
Where is Moab?
Moab sits at 38.6°N, 109.5°W, 0 ft above sea level, in United States. The nearest listed city is Grand Junction, 63 mi away.
Topography around Moab
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 2, 10 and 50 miles of Moab.
Within 2 miles, the terrain around Moab has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,470 ft around an average of 4,390 ft above sea level; within 10 miles, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,406 ft; within 50 miles, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 8,940 ft.
The land around Moab is covered by bare terrain (45%) and shrubs (24%) within 2 miles, bare terrain (48%) and shrubs (39%) within 10 miles, and bare terrain (38%) and shrubs (29%) within 50 miles.
United States travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 100% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $90,027
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 98%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 12.7
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Moab (38.5733°, -109.5498°, elevation 0 ft), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).