El Calafate weather in July
In July, El Calafate sees average daytime highs of 2°C and overnight lows near -3°C, with 50 mm of precipitation across 10.6 wet days and about 8.3 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 2°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 7 h 54 min at the start of July to 8 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is El Calafate's 11th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see El Calafate's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 2°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- -3°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 50 mm
- 10.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 12 min
- 9:49 AM – 6:01 PM
- Cloud cover
- 70%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.05 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
El Calafate is town in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
- Density
- 998/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1927
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 2°C through the month.
A typical July day in El Calafate reaches about 2°C in the afternoon and slips back to -3°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -1°C and 5°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and about 2°C cooler than August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | -3 |
| 2 | 2 | -3 |
| 3 | 2 | -3 |
| 4 | 2 | -3 |
| 5 | 2 | -3 |
| 6 | 2 | -3 |
| 7 | 2 | -3 |
| 8 | 2 | -3 |
| 9 | 2 | -3 |
| 10 | 2 | -3 |
| 11 | 2 | -3 |
| 12 | 2 | -3 |
| 13 | 2 | -3 |
| 14 | 2 | -3 |
| 15 | 2 | -3 |
| 16 | 2 | -3 |
| 17 | 2 | -3 |
| 18 | 2 | -3 |
| 19 | 2 | -3 |
| 20 | 2 | -3 |
| 21 | 2 | -3 |
| 22 | 2 | -2 |
| 23 | 2 | -2 |
| 24 | 2 | -2 |
| 25 | 2 | -2 |
| 26 | 3 | -2 |
| 27 | 3 | -2 |
| 28 | 3 | -2 |
| 29 | 3 | -2 |
| 30 | 3 | -2 |
| 31 | 3 | -2 |
How July really feels in El Calafate
Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in July is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
El Calafate weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16° / 7° | 54 | 11.3 | 0 | 15.7 | 4.7 |
| Feb | 15° / 7° | 63 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 14.3 | 4.6 |
| Mar | 13° / 6° | 67 | 12.2 | 0.6 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 10° / 3° | 72 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 10.5 | 2.0 |
| May | 6° / 0° | 66 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 0.4 |
| Jun | 2° / -2° | 50 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 2° / -3° | 50 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 4° / -2° | 53 | 10.9 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 7° / -1° | 45 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 11.6 | 0.7 |
| Oct | 10° / 1° | 53 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 13.5 | 2.1 |
| Nov | 12° / 4° | 47 | 10.1 | 1.6 | 15.2 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 14° / 6° | 57 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 16.1 | 4.0 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in July.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 68%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Cloudier (%) | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 69 |
| 2 | 31 | 69 |
| 3 | 31 | 69 |
| 4 | 31 | 69 |
| 5 | 32 | 68 |
| 6 | 31 | 69 |
| 7 | 31 | 69 |
| 8 | 30 | 70 |
| 9 | 31 | 69 |
| 10 | 31 | 69 |
| 11 | 32 | 68 |
| 12 | 32 | 68 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 32 | 68 |
| 15 | 32 | 68 |
| 16 | 32 | 68 |
| 17 | 32 | 68 |
| 18 | 33 | 67 |
| 19 | 34 | 66 |
| 20 | 34 | 66 |
| 21 | 33 | 67 |
| 22 | 33 | 67 |
| 23 | 33 | 67 |
| 24 | 33 | 67 |
| 25 | 33 | 67 |
| 26 | 33 | 67 |
| 27 | 33 | 67 |
| 28 | 34 | 66 |
| 29 | 33 | 67 |
| 30 | 33 | 67 |
| 31 | 33 | 67 |
Chance of precipitation in July
El Calafate gets around 50 mm of rain and snow over 10.6 wet days in July. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 34% and peaks near 37% on the wettest days, and about 9 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 35 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Snow chance (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35 | 26 |
| 2 | 35 | 26 |
| 3 | 34 | 26 |
| 4 | 33 | 25 |
| 5 | 33 | 25 |
| 6 | 32 | 25 |
| 7 | 32 | 24 |
| 8 | 32 | 24 |
| 9 | 32 | 25 |
| 10 | 32 | 25 |
| 11 | 32 | 25 |
| 12 | 32 | 25 |
| 13 | 32 | 26 |
| 14 | 33 | 26 |
| 15 | 33 | 27 |
| 16 | 34 | 27 |
| 17 | 34 | 28 |
| 18 | 35 | 28 |
| 19 | 36 | 29 |
| 20 | 36 | 30 |
| 21 | 37 | 30 |
| 22 | 37 | 30 |
| 23 | 37 | 30 |
| 24 | 37 | 30 |
| 25 | 37 | 30 |
| 26 | 36 | 30 |
| 27 | 36 | 29 |
| 28 | 36 | 29 |
| 29 | 35 | 28 |
| 30 | 35 | 28 |
| 31 | 35 | 28 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in July
Winds average 6 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
| 31 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 7 h 54 min at the start of July to 8 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 9:57 AM to 9:30 AM, and sunset from 5:48 PM to 6:20 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 9:57 | 9:57 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:55 | 9:55 | 9:54 | 9:54 | 9:53 | 9:52 | 9:52 | 9:51 | 9:50 | 9:49 | 9:49 | 9:48 | 9:47 | 9:46 | 9:45 | 9:43 | 9:42 | 9:41 | 9:40 | 9:39 | 9:37 | 9:36 | 9:35 | 9:33 | 9:32 | 9:30 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:19 | 6:20 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.9 | 9:57 | 5:48 |
| 2 | 7.9 | 9:57 | 5:49 |
| 3 | 7.9 | 9:56 | 5:49 |
| 4 | 7.9 | 9:56 | 5:50 |
| 5 | 7.9 | 9:56 | 5:51 |
| 6 | 7.9 | 9:55 | 5:51 |
| 7 | 8.0 | 9:55 | 5:52 |
| 8 | 8.0 | 9:54 | 5:53 |
| 9 | 8.0 | 9:54 | 5:54 |
| 10 | 8.0 | 9:53 | 5:55 |
| 11 | 8.1 | 9:52 | 5:56 |
| 12 | 8.1 | 9:52 | 5:57 |
| 13 | 8.1 | 9:51 | 5:58 |
| 14 | 8.1 | 9:50 | 5:59 |
| 15 | 8.2 | 9:49 | 6:00 |
| 16 | 8.2 | 9:49 | 6:01 |
| 17 | 8.2 | 9:48 | 6:02 |
| 18 | 8.3 | 9:47 | 6:03 |
| 19 | 8.3 | 9:46 | 6:04 |
| 20 | 8.4 | 9:45 | 6:06 |
| 21 | 8.4 | 9:43 | 6:07 |
| 22 | 8.4 | 9:42 | 6:08 |
| 23 | 8.5 | 9:41 | 6:09 |
| 24 | 8.5 | 9:40 | 6:11 |
| 25 | 8.6 | 9:39 | 6:12 |
| 26 | 8.6 | 9:37 | 6:13 |
| 27 | 8.6 | 9:36 | 6:15 |
| 28 | 8.7 | 9:35 | 6:16 |
| 29 | 8.7 | 9:33 | 6:17 |
| 30 | 8.8 | 9:32 | 6:19 |
| 31 | 8.8 | 9:30 | 6:20 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 1.05 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.82 kWh/m² to a high of 7.16 kWh/m² in December across the year — July's 1.05 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 2 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 3 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 4 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 5 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 6 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 7 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 8 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 9 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 10 | 0.9 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.4 | Dim |
Is July a good time to visit El Calafate?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in El Calafate.
What to pack for El Calafate in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, El Calafate sees daytime highs around 2°C and nights near -3°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in El Calafate in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in El Calafate peaks around January 12 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High | High | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 9 | Very high |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 1 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 1 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Low |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 7 | High |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Where is El Calafate?
El Calafate sits at 50.3°S, 72.3°W, 205 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is El Chalten, 121 km away.
Topography around El Calafate
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of El Calafate.
Within 3 km, the terrain around El Calafate has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 256 m around an average of 239 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,322 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,782 m.
The land around El Calafate is covered by grassland (54%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and water (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (51%) and bare terrain (26%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for El Calafate (-50.3407°, -72.2768°, elevation 205 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).