El Calafate weather in November
In November, El Calafate sees average daytime highs of 12°C and overnight lows near 4°C, with 47 mm of precipitation across 10.1 wet days and about 15.2 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 11°C in the first days to 13°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 23% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 h 30 min at the start of November to 15 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is El Calafate's 4th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see El Calafate's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 12°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 4°
- 8th coldest
- Precipitation
- 47 mm
- 10.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 15 h 18 min
- 5:56 AM – 9:13 PM
- Cloud cover
- 60%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.77 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
El Calafate is town in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
- Density
- 998/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1927
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs climb over the month, from about 11°C in the first days to 13°C by the end.
A typical November day in El Calafate reaches about 12°C in the afternoon and slips back to 4°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 16°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 3°C warmer than October and about 2°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 3 |
| 2 | 11 | 3 |
| 3 | 11 | 3 |
| 4 | 12 | 3 |
| 5 | 12 | 3 |
| 6 | 12 | 3 |
| 7 | 12 | 3 |
| 8 | 12 | 3 |
| 9 | 12 | 3 |
| 10 | 12 | 3 |
| 11 | 12 | 3 |
| 12 | 12 | 3 |
| 13 | 12 | 3 |
| 14 | 12 | 3 |
| 15 | 12 | 4 |
| 16 | 12 | 4 |
| 17 | 13 | 4 |
| 18 | 13 | 4 |
| 19 | 13 | 4 |
| 20 | 13 | 4 |
| 21 | 13 | 4 |
| 22 | 13 | 4 |
| 23 | 13 | 4 |
| 24 | 13 | 4 |
| 25 | 13 | 4 |
| 26 | 13 | 4 |
| 27 | 13 | 5 |
| 28 | 13 | 5 |
| 29 | 13 | 5 |
| 30 | 14 | 5 |
How November really feels in El Calafate
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 2 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
El Calafate weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 5th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16° / 7° | 54 | 11.3 | 0 | 15.7 | 4.7 |
| Feb | 15° / 7° | 63 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 14.3 | 4.6 |
| Mar | 13° / 6° | 67 | 12.2 | 0.6 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 10° / 3° | 72 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 10.5 | 2.0 |
| May | 6° / 0° | 66 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 0.4 |
| Jun | 2° / -2° | 50 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 2° / -3° | 50 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 4° / -2° | 53 | 10.9 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 7° / -1° | 45 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 11.6 | 0.7 |
| Oct | 10° / 1° | 53 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 13.5 | 2.1 |
| Nov | 12° / 4° | 47 | 10.1 | 1.6 | 15.2 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 14° / 6° | 57 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 16.1 | 4.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 23% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 25% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 52%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 |
| Cloudier (%) | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48 | 52 |
| 2 | 48 | 52 |
| 3 | 48 | 52 |
| 4 | 48 | 52 |
| 5 | 48 | 52 |
| 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 7 | 47 | 53 |
| 8 | 47 | 53 |
| 9 | 47 | 53 |
| 10 | 47 | 53 |
| 11 | 48 | 52 |
| 12 | 49 | 51 |
| 13 | 48 | 52 |
| 14 | 48 | 52 |
| 15 | 48 | 52 |
| 16 | 48 | 52 |
| 17 | 49 | 51 |
| 18 | 49 | 51 |
| 19 | 48 | 52 |
| 20 | 48 | 52 |
| 21 | 48 | 52 |
| 22 | 48 | 52 |
| 23 | 48 | 52 |
| 24 | 47 | 53 |
| 25 | 47 | 53 |
| 26 | 46 | 54 |
| 27 | 46 | 54 |
| 28 | 46 | 54 |
| 29 | 45 | 55 |
| 30 | 45 | 55 |
Chance of precipitation in November
El Calafate gets around 47 mm of rain and snow over 10.1 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 33% and peaks near 36% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Snow chance (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 9 |
| 2 | 30 | 9 |
| 3 | 30 | 9 |
| 4 | 30 | 8 |
| 5 | 30 | 8 |
| 6 | 30 | 8 |
| 7 | 31 | 7 |
| 8 | 31 | 7 |
| 9 | 31 | 7 |
| 10 | 31 | 7 |
| 11 | 31 | 6 |
| 12 | 31 | 6 |
| 13 | 31 | 6 |
| 14 | 31 | 5 |
| 15 | 32 | 5 |
| 16 | 32 | 5 |
| 17 | 33 | 5 |
| 18 | 33 | 5 |
| 19 | 34 | 4 |
| 20 | 34 | 4 |
| 21 | 35 | 4 |
| 22 | 35 | 4 |
| 23 | 35 | 4 |
| 24 | 36 | 3 |
| 25 | 36 | 3 |
| 26 | 36 | 3 |
| 27 | 36 | 3 |
| 28 | 35 | 3 |
| 29 | 35 | 3 |
| 30 | 35 | 3 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 10 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 14 h 30 min at the start of November to 15 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 78 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:17 AM to 5:43 AM, and sunset from 8:48 PM to 9:34 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 15.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:14 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:48 | 8:50 | 8:51 | 8:53 | 8:55 | 8:56 | 8:58 | 9:00 | 9:02 | 9:03 | 9:05 | 9:06 | 9:08 | 9:10 | 9:11 | 9:13 | 9:15 | 9:16 | 9:18 | 9:19 | 9:21 | 9:22 | 9:24 | 9:25 | 9:27 | 9:28 | 9:30 | 9:31 | 9:32 | 9:34 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.5 | 6:17 | 8:48 |
| 2 | 14.6 | 6:16 | 8:50 |
| 3 | 14.6 | 6:14 | 8:51 |
| 4 | 14.7 | 6:12 | 8:53 |
| 5 | 14.7 | 6:11 | 8:55 |
| 6 | 14.8 | 6:09 | 8:56 |
| 7 | 14.8 | 6:08 | 8:58 |
| 8 | 14.9 | 6:06 | 9:00 |
| 9 | 14.9 | 6:05 | 9:02 |
| 10 | 15.0 | 6:03 | 9:03 |
| 11 | 15.0 | 6:02 | 9:05 |
| 12 | 15.1 | 6:01 | 9:06 |
| 13 | 15.1 | 5:59 | 9:08 |
| 14 | 15.2 | 5:58 | 9:10 |
| 15 | 15.2 | 5:57 | 9:11 |
| 16 | 15.3 | 5:56 | 9:13 |
| 17 | 15.3 | 5:55 | 9:15 |
| 18 | 15.4 | 5:53 | 9:16 |
| 19 | 15.4 | 5:52 | 9:18 |
| 20 | 15.5 | 5:51 | 9:19 |
| 21 | 15.5 | 5:50 | 9:21 |
| 22 | 15.6 | 5:49 | 9:22 |
| 23 | 15.6 | 5:48 | 9:24 |
| 24 | 15.6 | 5:48 | 9:25 |
| 25 | 15.7 | 5:47 | 9:27 |
| 26 | 15.7 | 5:46 | 9:28 |
| 27 | 15.7 | 5:45 | 9:30 |
| 28 | 15.8 | 5:44 | 9:31 |
| 29 | 15.8 | 5:44 | 9:32 |
| 30 | 15.8 | 5:43 | 9:34 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.77 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.82 kWh/m² to a high of 7.16 kWh/m² in December across the year — November's 6.77 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.2 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.2 | Intense |
Is November a good time to visit El Calafate?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in El Calafate.
What to pack for El Calafate in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, El Calafate sees daytime highs around 12°C and nights near 4°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer and rain gear. About 10 days see rain.
UV index in El Calafate in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in El Calafate peaks around January 12 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High | High | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 9 | Very high |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 1 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 1 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Low |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 7 | High |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Where is El Calafate?
El Calafate sits at 50.3°S, 72.3°W, 205 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is El Chalten, 121 km away.
Topography around El Calafate
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of El Calafate.
Within 3 km, the terrain around El Calafate has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 256 m around an average of 239 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,322 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,782 m.
The land around El Calafate is covered by grassland (54%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and water (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (51%) and bare terrain (26%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for El Calafate (-50.3407°, -72.2768°, elevation 205 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).