El Calafate weather in December
In December, El Calafate sees average daytime highs of 14°C and overnight lows near 6°C, with 57 mm of precipitation across 11.7 wet days and about 16.1 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 15 h 54 min at the start of December to 16 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is El Calafate's 7th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see El Calafate's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 14°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 6°
- 10th coldest
- Precipitation
- 57 mm
- 11.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 16 h 12 min
- 5:40 AM – 9:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 7.16 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.0
- out of 10
El Calafate is town in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
- Density
- 998/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1927
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in December
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month.
A typical December day in El Calafate reaches about 14°C in the afternoon and slips back to 6°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 2°C warmer than November and about 1°C cooler than January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 5 |
| 2 | 14 | 5 |
| 3 | 14 | 5 |
| 4 | 14 | 5 |
| 5 | 14 | 5 |
| 6 | 14 | 5 |
| 7 | 14 | 5 |
| 8 | 14 | 5 |
| 9 | 14 | 6 |
| 10 | 14 | 6 |
| 11 | 14 | 6 |
| 12 | 14 | 6 |
| 13 | 14 | 6 |
| 14 | 14 | 6 |
| 15 | 14 | 6 |
| 16 | 14 | 6 |
| 17 | 14 | 6 |
| 18 | 14 | 6 |
| 19 | 14 | 6 |
| 20 | 14 | 6 |
| 21 | 14 | 6 |
| 22 | 14 | 6 |
| 23 | 14 | 6 |
| 24 | 14 | 6 |
| 25 | 15 | 6 |
| 26 | 15 | 6 |
| 27 | 15 | 6 |
| 28 | 15 | 6 |
| 29 | 15 | 6 |
| 30 | 15 | 6 |
| 31 | 15 | 6 |
How December really feels in El Calafate
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
December sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
El Calafate weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 3rd-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16° / 7° | 54 | 11.3 | 0 | 15.7 | 4.7 |
| Feb | 15° / 7° | 63 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 14.3 | 4.6 |
| Mar | 13° / 6° | 67 | 12.2 | 0.6 | 12.5 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 10° / 3° | 72 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 10.5 | 2.0 |
| May | 6° / 0° | 66 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 0.4 |
| Jun | 2° / -2° | 50 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 2° / -3° | 50 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 4° / -2° | 53 | 10.9 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 7° / -1° | 45 | 8.8 | 5.1 | 11.6 | 0.7 |
| Oct | 10° / 1° | 53 | 9.4 | 3.6 | 13.5 | 2.1 |
| Nov | 12° / 4° | 47 | 10.1 | 1.6 | 15.2 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 14° / 6° | 57 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 16.1 | 4.0 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 18% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 25% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 58%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 42 |
| Cloudier (%) | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 58 | 58 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 55 |
| 2 | 45 | 55 |
| 3 | 44 | 56 |
| 4 | 44 | 56 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 45 | 55 |
| 7 | 44 | 56 |
| 8 | 44 | 56 |
| 9 | 44 | 56 |
| 10 | 43 | 57 |
| 11 | 44 | 56 |
| 12 | 43 | 57 |
| 13 | 44 | 56 |
| 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 15 | 42 | 58 |
| 16 | 42 | 58 |
| 17 | 42 | 58 |
| 18 | 41 | 59 |
| 19 | 41 | 59 |
| 20 | 41 | 59 |
| 21 | 41 | 59 |
| 22 | 41 | 59 |
| 23 | 40 | 60 |
| 24 | 40 | 60 |
| 25 | 41 | 59 |
| 26 | 40 | 60 |
| 27 | 40 | 60 |
| 28 | 40 | 60 |
| 29 | 41 | 59 |
| 30 | 42 | 58 |
| 31 | 42 | 58 |
Chance of precipitation in December
El Calafate gets around 57 mm of rain and snow over 11.7 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 38% and peaks near 42% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35 | 3 |
| 2 | 34 | 2 |
| 3 | 34 | 2 |
| 4 | 34 | 2 |
| 5 | 34 | 2 |
| 6 | 33 | 2 |
| 7 | 33 | 2 |
| 8 | 34 | 2 |
| 9 | 34 | 2 |
| 10 | 34 | 2 |
| 11 | 35 | 2 |
| 12 | 36 | 2 |
| 13 | 36 | 2 |
| 14 | 37 | 2 |
| 15 | 38 | 2 |
| 16 | 39 | 2 |
| 17 | 39 | 2 |
| 18 | 40 | 2 |
| 19 | 41 | 2 |
| 20 | 41 | 2 |
| 21 | 42 | 2 |
| 22 | 42 | 2 |
| 23 | 42 | 2 |
| 24 | 42 | 2 |
| 25 | 41 | 2 |
| 26 | 41 | 2 |
| 27 | 41 | 2 |
| 28 | 40 | 2 |
| 29 | 40 | 2 |
| 30 | 40 | 2 |
| 31 | 39 | 2 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 11 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
| 31 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 15 h 54 min at the start of December to 16 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:43 AM to 5:48 AM, and sunset from 9:35 PM to 9:57 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 15.9 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.2 | 16.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 |
| Sunset (PM) | 9:35 | 9:36 | 9:38 | 9:39 | 9:40 | 9:41 | 9:42 | 9:43 | 9:44 | 9:45 | 9:46 | 9:47 | 9:48 | 9:49 | 9:50 | 9:51 | 9:51 | 9:52 | 9:53 | 9:53 | 9:54 | 9:54 | 9:55 | 9:55 | 9:55 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:56 | 9:57 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15.9 | 5:43 | 9:35 |
| 2 | 15.9 | 5:42 | 9:36 |
| 3 | 15.9 | 5:42 | 9:38 |
| 4 | 16.0 | 5:41 | 9:39 |
| 5 | 16.0 | 5:41 | 9:40 |
| 6 | 16.0 | 5:41 | 9:41 |
| 7 | 16.0 | 5:40 | 9:42 |
| 8 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:43 |
| 9 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:44 |
| 10 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:45 |
| 11 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:46 |
| 12 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:47 |
| 13 | 16.1 | 5:40 | 9:48 |
| 14 | 16.2 | 5:40 | 9:49 |
| 15 | 16.2 | 5:40 | 9:50 |
| 16 | 16.2 | 5:40 | 9:51 |
| 17 | 16.2 | 5:40 | 9:51 |
| 18 | 16.2 | 5:40 | 9:52 |
| 19 | 16.2 | 5:41 | 9:53 |
| 20 | 16.2 | 5:41 | 9:53 |
| 21 | 16.2 | 5:41 | 9:54 |
| 22 | 16.2 | 5:42 | 9:54 |
| 23 | 16.2 | 5:42 | 9:55 |
| 24 | 16.2 | 5:43 | 9:55 |
| 25 | 16.2 | 5:44 | 9:55 |
| 26 | 16.2 | 5:44 | 9:56 |
| 27 | 16.2 | 5:45 | 9:56 |
| 28 | 16.2 | 5:46 | 9:56 |
| 29 | 16.2 | 5:46 | 9:56 |
| 30 | 16.2 | 5:47 | 9:56 |
| 31 | 16.1 | 5:48 | 9:57 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 7.16 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.82 kWh/m² to a high of 7.16 kWh/m² in December across the year — December's 7.16 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 7.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 21 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 22 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 7.1 | Intense |
| 29 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 30 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 31 | 7.0 | Intense |
Is December a good time to visit El Calafate?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a reasonable time to visit El Calafate for sightseeing.
What to pack for El Calafate in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, El Calafate sees daytime highs around 14°C and nights near 6°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer and rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in El Calafate in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in El Calafate peaks around January 12 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | High | High | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 9 | Very high |
| Mar | 5 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 1 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 1 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Low |
| Sep | 3 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 7 | High |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Where is El Calafate?
El Calafate sits at 50.3°S, 72.3°W, 205 m above sea level, in Argentina. The nearest listed city is El Chalten, 121 km away.
Topography around El Calafate
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of El Calafate.
Within 3 km, the terrain around El Calafate has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 256 m around an average of 239 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,322 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,782 m.
The land around El Calafate is covered by grassland (54%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and water (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (51%) and bare terrain (26%) within 80 km.
Argentina travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / I
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 46% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $14,898
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.5
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 14.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 575
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for El Calafate (-50.3407°, -72.2768°, elevation 205 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).