Sololá weather in February
In February, Sololá sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 20 mm of rain across 4.7 wet days and about 11.5 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 56% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 24 min at the start of February to 11 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Sololá's 1st-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Sololá's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 20 mm
- 4.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 30 min
- 6:34 AM – 6:05 PM
- Cloud cover
- 37%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.76 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.7
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical February day in Sololá reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 12 |
| 2 | 21 | 12 |
| 3 | 21 | 12 |
| 4 | 21 | 12 |
| 5 | 21 | 12 |
| 6 | 21 | 12 |
| 7 | 21 | 12 |
| 8 | 21 | 12 |
| 9 | 21 | 12 |
| 10 | 21 | 12 |
| 11 | 22 | 12 |
| 12 | 22 | 12 |
| 13 | 22 | 12 |
| 14 | 22 | 12 |
| 15 | 22 | 12 |
| 16 | 22 | 12 |
| 17 | 22 | 12 |
| 18 | 22 | 12 |
| 19 | 22 | 12 |
| 20 | 22 | 12 |
| 21 | 22 | 12 |
| 22 | 22 | 12 |
| 23 | 22 | 12 |
| 24 | 22 | 12 |
| 25 | 22 | 12 |
| 26 | 22 | 12 |
| 27 | 22 | 12 |
| 28 | 22 | 12 |
Sololá weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21° / 12° | 14 | 3.4 | 11.2 | 7.8 |
| Feb | 22° / 12° | 20 | 4.7 | 11.5 | 7.7 |
| Mar | 22° / 13° | 65 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 6.6 |
| Apr | 22° / 14° | 159 | 18.5 | 12.3 | 5.3 |
| May | 22° / 14° | 368 | 25.9 | 12.7 | 4.0 |
| Jun | 21° / 15° | 375 | 26.2 | 12.9 | 3.8 |
| Jul | 21° / 14° | 199 | 19 | 12.8 | 4.9 |
| Aug | 21° / 14° | 260 | 21.8 | 12.5 | 4.5 |
| Sep | 21° / 14° | 379 | 27.1 | 12.1 | 3.7 |
| Oct | 21° / 14° | 267 | 23 | 11.7 | 4.3 |
| Nov | 20° / 13° | 61 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 6.3 |
| Dec | 20° / 12° | 21 | 4.3 | 11.1 | 7.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 56% of the time in February, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 24% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 20%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Cloudier (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 83 | 17 |
| 2 | 83 | 17 |
| 3 | 83 | 17 |
| 4 | 83 | 17 |
| 5 | 83 | 17 |
| 6 | 83 | 17 |
| 7 | 83 | 17 |
| 8 | 82 | 18 |
| 9 | 82 | 18 |
| 10 | 82 | 18 |
| 11 | 82 | 18 |
| 12 | 81 | 19 |
| 13 | 81 | 19 |
| 14 | 81 | 19 |
| 15 | 79 | 21 |
| 16 | 79 | 21 |
| 17 | 79 | 21 |
| 18 | 79 | 21 |
| 19 | 77 | 23 |
| 20 | 77 | 23 |
| 21 | 77 | 23 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 |
| 23 | 76 | 24 |
| 24 | 76 | 24 |
| 25 | 76 | 24 |
| 26 | 75 | 25 |
| 27 | 75 | 25 |
| 28 | 75 | 25 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Sololá gets around 20 mm of rain over 4.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 18% and peaks near 25% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 14 |
| 2 | 14 |
| 3 | 14 |
| 4 | 14 |
| 5 | 14 |
| 6 | 14 |
| 7 | 14 |
| 8 | 14 |
| 9 | 14 |
| 10 | 15 |
| 11 | 15 |
| 12 | 15 |
| 13 | 16 |
| 14 | 16 |
| 15 | 17 |
| 16 | 17 |
| 17 | 18 |
| 18 | 18 |
| 19 | 19 |
| 20 | 20 |
| 21 | 20 |
| 22 | 21 |
| 23 | 22 |
| 24 | 23 |
| 25 | 23 |
| 26 | 24 |
| 27 | 25 |
| 28 | 25 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 93% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 |
| Comfortable (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 95 | 5 |
| 2 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 95 | 5 |
| 5 | 95 | 5 |
| 6 | 95 | 5 |
| 7 | 96 | 4 |
| 8 | 96 | 4 |
| 9 | 96 | 4 |
| 10 | 96 | 4 |
| 11 | 96 | 4 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 94 | 6 |
| 15 | 94 | 6 |
| 16 | 93 | 7 |
| 17 | 93 | 7 |
| 18 | 92 | 8 |
| 19 | 91 | 9 |
| 20 | 91 | 9 |
| 21 | 90 | 10 |
| 22 | 89 | 11 |
| 23 | 89 | 11 |
| 24 | 88 | 12 |
| 25 | 87 | 13 |
| 26 | 87 | 13 |
| 27 | 86 | 14 |
| 28 | 86 | 14 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 h 24 min at the start of February to 11 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:38 AM to 6:28 AM, and sunset from 5:59 PM to 6:08 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.4 | 6:38 | 5:59 |
| 2 | 11.4 | 6:38 | 5:59 |
| 3 | 11.4 | 6:37 | 6:00 |
| 4 | 11.4 | 6:37 | 6:00 |
| 5 | 11.4 | 6:37 | 6:01 |
| 6 | 11.4 | 6:37 | 6:01 |
| 7 | 11.4 | 6:37 | 6:01 |
| 8 | 11.4 | 6:36 | 6:02 |
| 9 | 11.4 | 6:36 | 6:02 |
| 10 | 11.4 | 6:36 | 6:03 |
| 11 | 11.5 | 6:35 | 6:03 |
| 12 | 11.5 | 6:35 | 6:03 |
| 13 | 11.5 | 6:35 | 6:04 |
| 14 | 11.5 | 6:34 | 6:04 |
| 15 | 11.5 | 6:34 | 6:05 |
| 16 | 11.5 | 6:34 | 6:05 |
| 17 | 11.5 | 6:33 | 6:05 |
| 18 | 11.5 | 6:33 | 6:06 |
| 19 | 11.6 | 6:32 | 6:06 |
| 20 | 11.6 | 6:32 | 6:06 |
| 21 | 11.6 | 6:32 | 6:07 |
| 22 | 11.6 | 6:31 | 6:07 |
| 23 | 11.6 | 6:31 | 6:07 |
| 24 | 11.6 | 6:30 | 6:07 |
| 25 | 11.6 | 6:29 | 6:08 |
| 26 | 11.6 | 6:29 | 6:08 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 6:28 | 6:08 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:28 | 6:08 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.76 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.43 kWh/m² to a high of 6.25 kWh/m² in April across the year — February's 5.76 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.0 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Sololá
None of Sololá's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Sololá sits in the Atlantic hurricane belt; the season peaks August–October.
Sololá's rainy season runs May–October, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Sololá?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Sololá for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Sololá in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Sololá sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: sun protection. About 5 days see rain.
UV index in Sololá in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Sololá peaks around April 14 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 14 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 10 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 14 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Very high |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Air quality in Sololá in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Sololá is worst in May — around 34 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 23 | 22 | 25 | 34 | 34 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 25 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23 | Moderate |
| Feb | 22 | Moderate |
| Mar | 25 | Moderate |
| Apr | 34 | Moderate |
| May | 34 | Moderate |
| Jun | 23 | Moderate |
| Jul | 23 | Moderate |
| Aug | 22 | Moderate |
| Sep | 23 | Moderate |
| Oct | 23 | Moderate |
| Nov | 23 | Moderate |
| Dec | 25 | Moderate |
Where is Sololá?
Sololá sits at 14.8°N, 91.2°W, 2,044 m above sea level, in Guatemala. The nearest listed city is Panajachel, 4.0 km away.
Topography around Sololá
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Sololá.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Sololá has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 907 m around an average of 2,095 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,785 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,931 m.
The land around Sololá is covered by trees (67%) within 3 km, trees (65%) within 16 km, and trees (70%) within 80 km.
Guatemala travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 43% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $6,598
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.5 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 23.4
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 22.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 510
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Sololá (14.7707°, -91.1834°, elevation 2,044 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).