Ferrara weather in December

In December, Ferrara sees average daytime highs of 9°C and overnight lows near 2°C, with 57 mm of precipitation across 8 wet days and about 8.7 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs ease over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 8°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 31% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 8 h 54 min at the start of December to 8 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Ferrara's 11th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ferrara's year-round climate.

Daytime high
11th warmest
Overnight low
3rd coldest
Precipitation
57 mm
8 wet days
Daylight
8 h 36 min
7:51 AM – 4:28 PM
Cloud cover
61%
11th clearest
Wind
7 km/h
9th windiest
Solar energy
1.25 kWh/m²
Travel score
1.8
out of 10
Air quality
Elevated
PM2.5 17.1 µg/m³ · 2019

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

Temperature in December

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs ease over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 8°C by the end.

A typical December day in Ferrara reaches about 9°C in the afternoon and slips back to 2°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 5°C and 12°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 5°C cooler than November and on par with January.

-5°10°15°151015202531
Avg high (°C)Avg low (°C)
1104
2104
3104
4104
5103
6103
7103
893
993
1093
1192
1292
1392
1492
1592
1692
1782
1882
1982
2082
2181
2281
2381
2481
2581
2681
2781
2881
2981
3081
3181

How December really feels in Ferrara

Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 18 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C
0
heat index over the day's high
Days feeling ≤ C
18
wind chill below the day's low

The story in December is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.

Ferrara weather by month

How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 11th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

MonthHigh / Low (°C)Rainfall (mm)Wet daysSnow daysDaylight (hours)Travel score
Jan / 416.8191.6
Feb11° / 537.31.310.12.7
Mar15° / 567.80.511.65.0
Apr19° / 7310.5013.26.1
May24° / 14°7610.5014.66.8
Jun29° / 18°679.3015.35.7
Jul32° / 21°628.50154.5
Aug31° / 20°669.2013.94.7
Sep26° / 16°758.9012.36.9
Oct20° / 12°759010.76.5
Nov14° / 789.40.29.43.9
Dec / 5780.98.71.8

Cloud cover in December

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 31% of the time in December.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.

0%25%50%75%100%151015202531
Clearer (%)Cloudier (%)
14159
24258
34258
44258
54357
64456
74555
84555
94654
104654
114654
124753
134753
144753
154753
164654
174654
184654
194654
204654
214654
224654
234654
244654
254654
264753
274753
284753
294753
304753
314753

Chance of precipitation in December

Any precipitationSnow

Ferrara gets around 57 mm of rain and snow over 8 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 26% and peaks near 29% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.

0%10%20%30%40%151015202531
Rain chance (%)Snow chance (%)
1291
2291
3291
4281
5281
6272
7272
8262
9262
10252
11252
12243
13243
14243
15243
16243
17243
18243
19243
20253
21253
22253
23253
24253
25263
26263
27264
28264
29264
30264
31264

Humidity in December

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

0%25%50%75%100%151015202531
Dry (%)Comfortable (%)
1991
2991
3991
4991
5991
6991
71000
81000
91000
101000
111000
121000
131000
141000
151000
161000
171000
181000
191000
201000
211000
221000
231000
241000
251000
261000
271000
281000
291000
301000
311000

Wind in December

Winds average 7 km/h in December.

Across December, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

0246810151015202531
Wind speed (km/h)Feels
17calm
27calm
37calm
47calm
57calm
67calm
77calm
87calm
97calm
107calm
117calm
127calm
137calm
147calm
157calm
167calm
177calm
187calm
197calm
207calm
217calm
227calm
237calm
247calm
257calm
267calm
277calm
287calm
297calm
307calm
317calm

Sunrise & sunset in December

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 8 h 54 min at the start of December to 8 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 18 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 7:38 AM to 7:57 AM, and sunset from 4:29 PM to 4:36 PM.

12 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AM151015202531
Daylight (h)Sunrise (AM)Sunset (PM)
18.97:384:29
28.87:394:29
38.87:404:28
48.87:414:28
58.87:424:28
68.77:434:28
78.77:444:28
88.77:454:27
98.77:464:27
108.77:474:27
118.77:474:27
128.77:484:28
138.67:494:28
148.67:504:28
158.67:504:28
168.67:514:28
178.67:524:28
188.67:524:29
198.67:534:29
208.67:544:29
218.67:544:30
228.67:554:30
238.67:554:31
248.67:564:31
258.67:564:32
268.67:564:33
278.67:574:33
288.67:574:34
298.67:574:34
308.67:574:35
318.67:574:36

Solar energy in December

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 1.25 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.25 kWh/m² to a high of 6.67 kWh/m² in July across the year — December's 1.25 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

00.511.52151015202531
Solar energy (kWh/m²)Level
11.3Dim
21.3Dim
31.3Dim
41.3Dim
51.3Dim
61.3Dim
71.3Dim
81.3Dim
91.3Dim
101.3Dim
111.3Dim
121.3Dim
131.3Dim
141.3Dim
151.3Dim
161.3Dim
171.3Dim
181.3Dim
191.3Dim
201.3Dim
211.3Dim
221.3Dim
231.3Dim
241.3Dim
251.3Dim
261.3Dim
271.3Dim
281.3Dim
291.3Dim
301.3Dim
311.3Dim
Planning a trip in December

Is December a good time to visit Ferrara?

Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

1.8
Sightseeing
11th-best month of the year
0.0
Beach & pool
11th-best month of the year

December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Ferrara.

What to pack for Ferrara in December

From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In December, Ferrara sees daytime highs around 9°C and nights near 2°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: rain gear. About 8 days see rain.

a warm layerrain gear

Sea temperature near Ferrara in December

The nearest coast averages about 13°C in December — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea at the nearest coast (about 64 km away) is warmest in August at about 26°C and coldest in February near 9°C.

It's comfortable for a long swim from May 27 to Oct 9 — about 4.5 months when the water holds above 20°C.

10°20°30°JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecbracingcoolrefreshingwarmtropicalcomfortable to swim
Sea temperature (°C)Comfort
Jan10Bracing
Feb9Bracing
Mar10Bracing
Apr14Bracing
May19Cool
Jun23Refreshing
Jul26Warm
Aug26Warm
Sep23Refreshing
Oct19Cool
Nov15Cool
Dec13Bracing

UV index in Ferrara in December

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ferrara peaks around July 13 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.

025710JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecLowModerateHighVery highHighModerateLowJul 13UV 8Jan 1UV 1
UV index (midday)Level
Jan1Low
Feb2Moderate
Mar5Moderate
Apr7High
May6High
Jun8Very high
Jul8Very high
Aug7Very high
Sep5Moderate
Oct3Moderate
Nov2Low
Dec1Low

Air quality in Ferrara in December

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where December falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Ferrara is worst in January — around 23 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.8× the cleanest month (September, 13 µg/m³).

Seasonal pattern from CAMS reanalysis, scaled to Ferrara's WHO annual average of 17.1 µg/m³.

0102030JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecModerateJan 1622 µg/m³Sep 1113 µg/m³
PM2.5 (µg/m³)Level
Jan23Moderate
Feb19Moderate
Mar20Moderate
Apr18Moderate
May16Moderate
Jun16Moderate
Jul14Moderate
Aug13Moderate
Sep13Moderate
Oct16Moderate
Nov16Moderate
Dec20Moderate
Location & terrain

Where is Ferrara?

Ferrara sits at 44.8°N, 11.6°E, 9 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Cento, 29 km away.

Topography around Ferrara

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ferrara.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Ferrara has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 21 m around an average of 7 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 31 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,284 m.

The land around Ferrara is covered by artificial surfaces (43%), grassland (21%) and cropland (21%) within 3 km, cropland (67%) within 16 km, and cropland (50%) within 80 km.

3 km
21 m
16 km
31 m
80 km
1,284 m
treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswaterwetland
December weather nearby: Cento 29 km · Rovigo 29 km · Castel Maggiore 36 km · San Giovanni in Persiceto 41 km · Este 43 km · Mirandola 44 km · San Lazzaro 44 km · Bologna 44 km

Italy travel facts

Travel advisory
Level 2
Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs
Type C / F / L
230 V · 50 Hz
Prices
≈ 69% of US
price level, 2025
GDP per capita
$43,309
2025
Happiness
6.6 / 10
World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water
97%
of population, 2024
Homicide rate
0.6
per 100k, 2023
Road deaths
5.3
per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group
High
World Bank
English
Moderate
EF EPI 513
Religion
Christian 81%unaffiliated 13%Muslim 5%other 1%

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ferrara (44.838°, 11.6206°, elevation 9 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).