Ferrara weather in January
In January, Ferrara sees average daytime highs of 8°C and overnight lows near 1°C, with 41 mm of precipitation across 6.8 wet days and about 9 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 8°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 33% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 42 min at the start of January to 9 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Ferrara's 10th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ferrara's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 8°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 1°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 41 mm
- 6.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 hours
- 7:54 AM – 4:52 PM
- Cloud cover
- 60%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.5 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 1.6
- out of 10
- Air quality
- Elevated
- PM2.5 17.1 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 8°C through the month.
A typical January day in Ferrara reaches about 8°C in the afternoon and slips back to 1°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 4°C and 12°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 2°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Avg low (°C) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 1 |
| 2 | 8 | 1 |
| 3 | 8 | 1 |
| 4 | 8 | 1 |
| 5 | 8 | 1 |
| 6 | 8 | 1 |
| 7 | 8 | 1 |
| 8 | 8 | 1 |
| 9 | 8 | 1 |
| 10 | 8 | 1 |
| 11 | 8 | 1 |
| 12 | 8 | 1 |
| 13 | 8 | 1 |
| 14 | 8 | 1 |
| 15 | 8 | 1 |
| 16 | 8 | 1 |
| 17 | 8 | 1 |
| 18 | 8 | 1 |
| 19 | 8 | 1 |
| 20 | 8 | 1 |
| 21 | 8 | 1 |
| 22 | 8 | 1 |
| 23 | 8 | 1 |
| 24 | 8 | 1 |
| 25 | 9 | 1 |
| 26 | 9 | 1 |
| 27 | 9 | 1 |
| 28 | 9 | 1 |
| 29 | 9 | 1 |
| 30 | 9 | 1 |
| 31 | 9 | 1 |
How January really feels in Ferrara
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in January is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Ferrara weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8° / 1° | 41 | 6.8 | 1 | 9 | 1.6 |
| Feb | 11° / 2° | 53 | 7.3 | 1.3 | 10.1 | 2.7 |
| Mar | 15° / 6° | 56 | 7.8 | 0.5 | 11.6 | 5.0 |
| Apr | 19° / 9° | 73 | 10.5 | 0 | 13.2 | 6.1 |
| May | 24° / 14° | 76 | 10.5 | 0 | 14.6 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 29° / 18° | 67 | 9.3 | 0 | 15.3 | 5.7 |
| Jul | 32° / 21° | 62 | 8.5 | 0 | 15 | 4.5 |
| Aug | 31° / 20° | 66 | 9.2 | 0 | 13.9 | 4.7 |
| Sep | 26° / 16° | 75 | 8.9 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.9 |
| Oct | 20° / 12° | 75 | 9 | 0 | 10.7 | 6.5 |
| Nov | 14° / 7° | 78 | 9.4 | 0.2 | 9.4 | 3.9 |
| Dec | 9° / 2° | 57 | 8 | 0.9 | 8.7 | 1.8 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 33% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 53%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 |
| Cloudier (%) | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47 | 53 |
| 2 | 47 | 53 |
| 3 | 47 | 53 |
| 4 | 47 | 53 |
| 5 | 46 | 54 |
| 6 | 46 | 54 |
| 7 | 46 | 54 |
| 8 | 46 | 54 |
| 9 | 45 | 55 |
| 10 | 45 | 55 |
| 11 | 45 | 55 |
| 12 | 44 | 56 |
| 13 | 44 | 56 |
| 14 | 45 | 55 |
| 15 | 45 | 55 |
| 16 | 45 | 55 |
| 17 | 46 | 54 |
| 18 | 47 | 53 |
| 19 | 47 | 53 |
| 20 | 47 | 53 |
| 21 | 47 | 53 |
| 22 | 47 | 53 |
| 23 | 47 | 53 |
| 24 | 47 | 53 |
| 25 | 47 | 53 |
| 26 | 48 | 52 |
| 27 | 48 | 52 |
| 28 | 49 | 51 |
| 29 | 49 | 51 |
| 30 | 49 | 51 |
| 31 | 49 | 51 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Ferrara gets around 41 mm of rain and snow over 6.8 wet days in January, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 23% and peaks near 25% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Snow chance (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | 4 |
| 2 | 25 | 4 |
| 3 | 24 | 4 |
| 4 | 24 | 4 |
| 5 | 23 | 3 |
| 6 | 23 | 3 |
| 7 | 22 | 3 |
| 8 | 22 | 3 |
| 9 | 22 | 3 |
| 10 | 21 | 3 |
| 11 | 21 | 3 |
| 12 | 21 | 3 |
| 13 | 21 | 3 |
| 14 | 21 | 3 |
| 15 | 21 | 3 |
| 16 | 22 | 3 |
| 17 | 22 | 3 |
| 18 | 22 | 3 |
| 19 | 22 | 3 |
| 20 | 22 | 4 |
| 21 | 22 | 4 |
| 22 | 22 | 4 |
| 23 | 23 | 4 |
| 24 | 23 | 4 |
| 25 | 23 | 4 |
| 26 | 23 | 4 |
| 27 | 23 | 4 |
| 28 | 24 | 4 |
| 29 | 24 | 5 |
| 30 | 24 | 5 |
| 31 | 24 | 5 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in January
Winds average 7 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
| 31 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 8 h 42 min at the start of January to 9 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 48 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 7:57 AM to 7:43 AM, and sunset from 4:36 PM to 5:11 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:57 | 7:56 | 7:56 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:55 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:54 | 7:53 | 7:52 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:50 | 7:50 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:47 | 7:47 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:44 | 7:43 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:36 | 4:37 | 4:38 | 4:39 | 4:40 | 4:41 | 4:42 | 4:43 | 4:44 | 4:45 | 4:46 | 4:47 | 4:48 | 4:49 | 4:50 | 4:52 | 4:53 | 4:54 | 4:55 | 4:56 | 4:58 | 4:59 | 5:00 | 5:02 | 5:03 | 5:04 | 5:06 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:10 | 5:11 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:36 |
| 2 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:37 |
| 3 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:38 |
| 4 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:39 |
| 5 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:40 |
| 6 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:41 |
| 7 | 8.7 | 7:57 | 4:42 |
| 8 | 8.8 | 7:57 | 4:43 |
| 9 | 8.8 | 7:57 | 4:44 |
| 10 | 8.8 | 7:56 | 4:45 |
| 11 | 8.8 | 7:56 | 4:46 |
| 12 | 8.9 | 7:56 | 4:47 |
| 13 | 8.9 | 7:55 | 4:48 |
| 14 | 8.9 | 7:55 | 4:49 |
| 15 | 8.9 | 7:55 | 4:50 |
| 16 | 9.0 | 7:54 | 4:52 |
| 17 | 9.0 | 7:54 | 4:53 |
| 18 | 9.0 | 7:53 | 4:54 |
| 19 | 9.0 | 7:52 | 4:55 |
| 20 | 9.1 | 7:52 | 4:56 |
| 21 | 9.1 | 7:51 | 4:58 |
| 22 | 9.1 | 7:50 | 4:59 |
| 23 | 9.2 | 7:50 | 5:00 |
| 24 | 9.2 | 7:49 | 5:02 |
| 25 | 9.2 | 7:48 | 5:03 |
| 26 | 9.3 | 7:47 | 5:04 |
| 27 | 9.3 | 7:47 | 5:06 |
| 28 | 9.4 | 7:46 | 5:07 |
| 29 | 9.4 | 7:45 | 5:08 |
| 30 | 9.4 | 7:44 | 5:10 |
| 31 | 9.5 | 7:43 | 5:11 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 1.5 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.25 kWh/m² to a high of 6.67 kWh/m² in July across the year — January's 1.5 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.9 | Dim |
Is January a good time to visit Ferrara?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Ferrara.
What to pack for Ferrara in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Ferrara sees daytime highs around 8°C and nights near 1°C. Pack a warm layer. About 7 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Ferrara in January
The nearest coast averages about 10°C in January — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 64 km away) is warmest in August at about 26°C and coldest in February near 9°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from May 27 to Oct 9 — about 4.5 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 10 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 23 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 13 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Refreshing | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Cool | Cool | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10 | Bracing |
| Feb | 9 | Bracing |
| Mar | 10 | Bracing |
| Apr | 14 | Bracing |
| May | 19 | Cool |
| Jun | 23 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 23 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 19 | Cool |
| Nov | 15 | Cool |
| Dec | 13 | Bracing |
UV index in Ferrara in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ferrara peaks around July 13 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Ferrara in January
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where January falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Ferrara is worst in January — around 23 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.8× the cleanest month (September, 13 µg/m³).
Seasonal pattern from CAMS reanalysis, scaled to Ferrara's WHO annual average of 17.1 µg/m³.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 23 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 20 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23 | Moderate |
| Feb | 19 | Moderate |
| Mar | 20 | Moderate |
| Apr | 18 | Moderate |
| May | 16 | Moderate |
| Jun | 16 | Moderate |
| Jul | 14 | Moderate |
| Aug | 13 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 16 | Moderate |
| Nov | 16 | Moderate |
| Dec | 20 | Moderate |
Where is Ferrara?
Ferrara sits at 44.8°N, 11.6°E, 9 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Cento, 29 km away.
Topography around Ferrara
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ferrara.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ferrara has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 21 m around an average of 7 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 31 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,284 m.
The land around Ferrara is covered by artificial surfaces (43%), grassland (21%) and cropland (21%) within 3 km, cropland (67%) within 16 km, and cropland (50%) within 80 km.
Italy travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 69% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $43,309
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 513
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ferrara (44.838°, 11.6206°, elevation 9 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).