Öndörkhaan weather in December
In December, Öndörkhaan sees average daytime highs of -14°C and overnight lows near -24°C, with 2 mm of precipitation across 0.8 wet days and about 8.3 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about -12°C in the first days to -16°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 30 min at the start of December to 8 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Öndörkhaan's 3rd-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Öndörkhaan's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -14°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- -24°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 2 mm
- 0.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 18 min
- 8:25 AM – 4:42 PM
- Cloud cover
- 36%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.58 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Öndörkhaan is capital of Khentii aimag and Kerlen Sum in Mongolia.
- Density
- 6/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in December
Highs ease over the month, from about -12°C in the first days to -16°C by the end.
A typical December day in Öndörkhaan reaches about -14°C in the afternoon and slips back to -24°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -21°C and -7°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 9°C cooler than November and about 2°C warmer than January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -11 | -11 | -11 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -16 | -16 | -16 |
| Avg low (°C) | -21 | -22 | -22 | -22 | -22 | -22 | -23 | -23 | -23 | -23 | -23 | -23 | -23 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -24 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -26 | -26 | -26 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -11 | -21 |
| 2 | -11 | -22 |
| 3 | -11 | -22 |
| 4 | -12 | -22 |
| 5 | -12 | -22 |
| 6 | -12 | -22 |
| 7 | -12 | -23 |
| 8 | -13 | -23 |
| 9 | -13 | -23 |
| 10 | -13 | -23 |
| 11 | -13 | -23 |
| 12 | -13 | -23 |
| 13 | -13 | -23 |
| 14 | -14 | -24 |
| 15 | -14 | -24 |
| 16 | -14 | -24 |
| 17 | -14 | -24 |
| 18 | -14 | -24 |
| 19 | -14 | -24 |
| 20 | -14 | -24 |
| 21 | -14 | -24 |
| 22 | -15 | -25 |
| 23 | -15 | -25 |
| 24 | -15 | -25 |
| 25 | -15 | -25 |
| 26 | -15 | -25 |
| 27 | -15 | -25 |
| 28 | -15 | -25 |
| 29 | -16 | -26 |
| 30 | -16 | -26 |
| 31 | -16 | -26 |
How December really feels in Öndörkhaan
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in December is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Öndörkhaan weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -16° / -27° | 1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -10° / -23° | 3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 9.9 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 0° / -13° | 6 | 1.9 | 2 | 11.6 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 10° / -3° | 11 | 2.9 | 2 | 13.3 | 2.8 |
| May | 18° / 4° | 24 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 14.8 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 24° / 11° | 44 | 7.7 | 0 | 15.7 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 26° / 14° | 55 | 9.9 | 0 | 15.3 | 6.7 |
| Aug | 24° / 12° | 53 | 8.3 | 0 | 14.1 | 7.2 |
| Sep | 18° / 5° | 26 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 12.4 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 8° / -4° | 13 | 3 | 2 | 10.6 | 1.8 |
| Nov | -5° / -16° | 5 | 1.8 | 2 | 9.1 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -14° / -24° | 2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 62% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 25%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 |
| Cloudier (%) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 25 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75 | 25 |
| 2 | 75 | 25 |
| 3 | 75 | 25 |
| 4 | 75 | 25 |
| 5 | 75 | 25 |
| 6 | 75 | 25 |
| 7 | 75 | 25 |
| 8 | 75 | 25 |
| 9 | 75 | 25 |
| 10 | 75 | 25 |
| 11 | 75 | 25 |
| 12 | 76 | 24 |
| 13 | 76 | 24 |
| 14 | 76 | 24 |
| 15 | 76 | 24 |
| 16 | 76 | 24 |
| 17 | 75 | 25 |
| 18 | 75 | 25 |
| 19 | 74 | 26 |
| 20 | 74 | 26 |
| 21 | 74 | 26 |
| 22 | 73 | 27 |
| 23 | 73 | 27 |
| 24 | 73 | 27 |
| 25 | 73 | 27 |
| 26 | 73 | 27 |
| 27 | 73 | 27 |
| 28 | 73 | 27 |
| 29 | 73 | 27 |
| 30 | 74 | 26 |
| 31 | 75 | 25 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Öndörkhaan gets around 2 mm of rain and snow over 0.8 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 3% and peaks near 4% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | 2 | 3 |
| 7 | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | 2 | 3 |
| 10 | 2 | 3 |
| 11 | 2 | 3 |
| 12 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 2 | 3 |
| 14 | 2 | 3 |
| 15 | 2 | 3 |
| 16 | 3 | 3 |
| 17 | 3 | 4 |
| 18 | 3 | 4 |
| 19 | 3 | 4 |
| 20 | 3 | 4 |
| 21 | 3 | 4 |
| 22 | 3 | 5 |
| 23 | 3 | 5 |
| 24 | 3 | 5 |
| 25 | 4 | 5 |
| 26 | 4 | 5 |
| 27 | 4 | 5 |
| 28 | 3 | 5 |
| 29 | 3 | 5 |
| 30 | 3 | 5 |
| 31 | 3 | 5 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 11 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
| 31 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 8 h 30 min at the start of December to 8 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 8:11 AM to 8:31 AM, and sunset from 4:44 PM to 4:50 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:23 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:25 | 8:26 | 8:26 | 8:27 | 8:28 | 8:28 | 8:29 | 8:29 | 8:29 | 8:30 | 8:30 | 8:30 | 8:31 | 8:31 | 8:31 | 8:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:44 | 4:43 | 4:43 | 4:43 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:43 | 4:43 | 4:43 | 4:44 | 4:44 | 4:45 | 4:45 | 4:46 | 4:46 | 4:47 | 4:48 | 4:48 | 4:49 | 4:50 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.5 | 8:11 | 4:44 |
| 2 | 8.5 | 8:12 | 4:43 |
| 3 | 8.5 | 8:13 | 4:43 |
| 4 | 8.5 | 8:14 | 4:43 |
| 5 | 8.5 | 8:15 | 4:42 |
| 6 | 8.4 | 8:16 | 4:42 |
| 7 | 8.4 | 8:17 | 4:42 |
| 8 | 8.4 | 8:18 | 4:42 |
| 9 | 8.4 | 8:19 | 4:42 |
| 10 | 8.4 | 8:20 | 4:42 |
| 11 | 8.3 | 8:21 | 4:42 |
| 12 | 8.3 | 8:22 | 4:42 |
| 13 | 8.3 | 8:23 | 4:42 |
| 14 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:42 |
| 15 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:42 |
| 16 | 8.3 | 8:25 | 4:42 |
| 17 | 8.3 | 8:26 | 4:42 |
| 18 | 8.3 | 8:26 | 4:43 |
| 19 | 8.3 | 8:27 | 4:43 |
| 20 | 8.3 | 8:28 | 4:43 |
| 21 | 8.3 | 8:28 | 4:44 |
| 22 | 8.3 | 8:29 | 4:44 |
| 23 | 8.3 | 8:29 | 4:45 |
| 24 | 8.3 | 8:29 | 4:45 |
| 25 | 8.3 | 8:30 | 4:46 |
| 26 | 8.3 | 8:30 | 4:46 |
| 27 | 8.3 | 8:30 | 4:47 |
| 28 | 8.3 | 8:31 | 4:48 |
| 29 | 8.3 | 8:31 | 4:48 |
| 30 | 8.3 | 8:31 | 4:49 |
| 31 | 8.3 | 8:31 | 4:50 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 1.58 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.58 kWh/m² to a high of 6.51 kWh/m² in June across the year — December's 1.58 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.6 | Dim |
Is December a good time to visit Öndörkhaan?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Öndörkhaan.
What to pack for Öndörkhaan in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Öndörkhaan sees daytime highs around -14°C and nights near -24°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
UV index in Öndörkhaan in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Öndörkhaan peaks around July 18 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Öndörkhaan?
Öndörkhaan sits at 47.3°N, 110.7°E, 1,030 m above sea level, in Mongolia. The nearest listed city is Baruun-Urt, 211 km away.
Topography around Öndörkhaan
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Öndörkhaan.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Öndörkhaan has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 21 m around an average of 1,031 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 242 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 719 m.
The land around Öndörkhaan is covered by grassland (79%) within 3 km, grassland (98%) within 16 km, and grassland (99%) within 80 km.
Mongolia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $7,108
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 43%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 21
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 447
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Öndörkhaan (47.3194°, 110.6556°, elevation 1,030 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).