Öndörkhaan weather in November
In November, Öndörkhaan sees average daytime highs of -5°C and overnight lows near -16°C, with 5 mm of precipitation across 1.8 wet days and about 9.1 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 1°C in the first days to -10°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 59% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 48 min at the start of November to 8 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Öndörkhaan's 2nd-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Öndörkhaan's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -5°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- -16°
- 4th coldest
- Precipitation
- 5 mm
- 1.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 06 min
- 7:51 AM – 4:55 PM
- Cloud cover
- 36%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.09 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Öndörkhaan is capital of Khentii aimag and Kerlen Sum in Mongolia.
- Density
- 6/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 1°C in the first days to -10°C by the end.
A typical November day in Öndörkhaan reaches about -5°C in the afternoon and slips back to -16°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -13°C and 3°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 13°C cooler than October and about 9°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -4 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -6 | -6 | -7 | -7 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -11 |
| Avg low (°C) | -9 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -11 | -11 | -12 | -12 | -13 | -13 | -14 | -14 | -15 | -15 | -16 | -16 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -18 | -18 | -19 | -19 | -19 | -20 | -20 | -20 | -21 | -21 | -21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | -9 |
| 2 | 2 | -10 |
| 3 | 1 | -10 |
| 4 | 1 | -10 |
| 5 | 0 | -11 |
| 6 | 0 | -11 |
| 7 | -1 | -12 |
| 8 | -1 | -12 |
| 9 | -2 | -13 |
| 10 | -2 | -13 |
| 11 | -3 | -14 |
| 12 | -3 | -14 |
| 13 | -4 | -15 |
| 14 | -4 | -15 |
| 15 | -5 | -16 |
| 16 | -5 | -16 |
| 17 | -6 | -17 |
| 18 | -6 | -17 |
| 19 | -7 | -17 |
| 20 | -7 | -18 |
| 21 | -8 | -18 |
| 22 | -8 | -19 |
| 23 | -8 | -19 |
| 24 | -9 | -19 |
| 25 | -9 | -20 |
| 26 | -9 | -20 |
| 27 | -10 | -20 |
| 28 | -10 | -21 |
| 29 | -10 | -21 |
| 30 | -11 | -21 |
How November really feels in Öndörkhaan
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 30 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Öndörkhaan weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -16° / -27° | 1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -10° / -23° | 3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 9.9 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 0° / -13° | 6 | 1.9 | 2 | 11.6 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 10° / -3° | 11 | 2.9 | 2 | 13.3 | 2.8 |
| May | 18° / 4° | 24 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 14.8 | 6.5 |
| Jun | 24° / 11° | 44 | 7.7 | 0 | 15.7 | 7.1 |
| Jul | 26° / 14° | 55 | 9.9 | 0 | 15.3 | 6.7 |
| Aug | 24° / 12° | 53 | 8.3 | 0 | 14.1 | 7.2 |
| Sep | 18° / 5° | 26 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 12.4 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 8° / -4° | 13 | 3 | 2 | 10.6 | 1.8 |
| Nov | -5° / -16° | 5 | 1.8 | 2 | 9.1 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -14° / -24° | 2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 59% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 28%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Cloudier (%) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 73 | 27 |
| 2 | 73 | 27 |
| 3 | 73 | 27 |
| 4 | 73 | 27 |
| 5 | 73 | 27 |
| 6 | 73 | 27 |
| 7 | 72 | 28 |
| 8 | 72 | 28 |
| 9 | 71 | 29 |
| 10 | 71 | 29 |
| 11 | 70 | 30 |
| 12 | 70 | 30 |
| 13 | 71 | 29 |
| 14 | 70 | 30 |
| 15 | 70 | 30 |
| 16 | 70 | 30 |
| 17 | 71 | 29 |
| 18 | 71 | 29 |
| 19 | 71 | 29 |
| 20 | 73 | 27 |
| 21 | 73 | 27 |
| 22 | 73 | 27 |
| 23 | 74 | 26 |
| 24 | 74 | 26 |
| 25 | 74 | 26 |
| 26 | 75 | 25 |
| 27 | 75 | 25 |
| 28 | 75 | 25 |
| 29 | 75 | 25 |
| 30 | 75 | 25 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Öndörkhaan gets around 5 mm of rain and snow over 1.8 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 6% and peaks near 8% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Snow chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 5 |
| 2 | 5 | 5 |
| 3 | 5 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 6 | 6 |
| 8 | 6 | 7 |
| 9 | 7 | 7 |
| 10 | 7 | 8 |
| 11 | 7 | 8 |
| 12 | 8 | 8 |
| 13 | 8 | 9 |
| 14 | 8 | 9 |
| 15 | 8 | 9 |
| 16 | 8 | 9 |
| 17 | 8 | 9 |
| 18 | 7 | 9 |
| 19 | 7 | 8 |
| 20 | 7 | 8 |
| 21 | 6 | 8 |
| 22 | 6 | 7 |
| 23 | 5 | 7 |
| 24 | 5 | 6 |
| 25 | 5 | 6 |
| 26 | 4 | 5 |
| 27 | 4 | 5 |
| 28 | 3 | 4 |
| 29 | 3 | 4 |
| 30 | 3 | 4 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 12 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | light breeze |
| 4 | 12 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 12 | light breeze |
| 7 | 12 | light breeze |
| 8 | 12 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | light breeze |
| 10 | 12 | light breeze |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 9 h 48 min at the start of November to 8 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 72 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:28 AM to 8:09 AM, and sunset from 5:13 PM to 4:44 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:28 | 7:30 | 7:31 | 7:33 | 7:34 | 7:36 | 7:37 | 7:39 | 7:40 | 7:42 | 7:43 | 7:45 | 7:46 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:54 | 7:55 | 7:56 | 7:58 | 7:59 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:06 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:13 | 5:12 | 5:11 | 5:09 | 5:08 | 5:06 | 5:05 | 5:04 | 5:02 | 5:01 | 5:00 | 4:59 | 4:58 | 4:57 | 4:56 | 4:55 | 4:54 | 4:53 | 4:52 | 4:51 | 4:50 | 4:49 | 4:48 | 4:48 | 4:47 | 4:46 | 4:46 | 4:45 | 4:45 | 4:44 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.8 | 7:28 | 5:13 |
| 2 | 9.7 | 7:30 | 5:12 |
| 3 | 9.7 | 7:31 | 5:11 |
| 4 | 9.6 | 7:33 | 5:09 |
| 5 | 9.6 | 7:34 | 5:08 |
| 6 | 9.5 | 7:36 | 5:06 |
| 7 | 9.5 | 7:37 | 5:05 |
| 8 | 9.4 | 7:39 | 5:04 |
| 9 | 9.4 | 7:40 | 5:02 |
| 10 | 9.3 | 7:42 | 5:01 |
| 11 | 9.3 | 7:43 | 5:00 |
| 12 | 9.2 | 7:45 | 4:59 |
| 13 | 9.2 | 7:46 | 4:58 |
| 14 | 9.1 | 7:48 | 4:57 |
| 15 | 9.1 | 7:49 | 4:56 |
| 16 | 9.1 | 7:51 | 4:55 |
| 17 | 9.0 | 7:52 | 4:54 |
| 18 | 9.0 | 7:54 | 4:53 |
| 19 | 8.9 | 7:55 | 4:52 |
| 20 | 8.9 | 7:56 | 4:51 |
| 21 | 8.9 | 7:58 | 4:50 |
| 22 | 8.8 | 7:59 | 4:49 |
| 23 | 8.8 | 8:01 | 4:48 |
| 24 | 8.8 | 8:02 | 4:48 |
| 25 | 8.7 | 8:03 | 4:47 |
| 26 | 8.7 | 8:04 | 4:46 |
| 27 | 8.7 | 8:06 | 4:46 |
| 28 | 8.6 | 8:07 | 4:45 |
| 29 | 8.6 | 8:08 | 4:45 |
| 30 | 8.6 | 8:09 | 4:44 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 2.09 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.58 kWh/m² to a high of 6.51 kWh/m² in June across the year — November's 2.09 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.7 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Öndörkhaan?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Öndörkhaan.
What to pack for Öndörkhaan in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Öndörkhaan sees daytime highs around -5°C and nights near -16°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
UV index in Öndörkhaan in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Öndörkhaan peaks around July 18 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Öndörkhaan?
Öndörkhaan sits at 47.3°N, 110.7°E, 1,030 m above sea level, in Mongolia. The nearest listed city is Baruun-Urt, 211 km away.
Topography around Öndörkhaan
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Öndörkhaan.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Öndörkhaan has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 21 m around an average of 1,031 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 242 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 719 m.
The land around Öndörkhaan is covered by grassland (79%) within 3 km, grassland (98%) within 16 km, and grassland (99%) within 80 km.
Mongolia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $7,108
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 43%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 5.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 21
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 447
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Öndörkhaan (47.3194°, 110.6556°, elevation 1,030 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).