Ulaanbaatar weather in October

In October, Ulaanbaatar sees average daytime highs of 5°C and overnight lows near -6°C, with 15 mm of precipitation across 3.8 wet days and about 10.6 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs ease over the month, from about 9°C in the first days to 1°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 50% of the time in October, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 11 h 30 min at the start of October to 9 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Ulaanbaatar's 2nd-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ulaanbaatar's year-round climate.

Daytime high
7th warmest
Overnight low
-6°
6th coldest
Precipitation
15 mm
3.8 wet days
Daylight
10 h 36 min
7:20 AM – 5:55 PM
Cloud cover
41%
2nd clearest
Wind
9 km/h
6th windiest
Solar energy
3.15 kWh/m²
Travel score
0.7
out of 10

Ulaanbaatar is capital and largest city of Mongolia.

Air quality
Severe
PM2.5 60 µg/m³ · 2019
Density
180/km²
people per km²
Founded
1639

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

Temperature in October

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs ease over the month, from about 9°C in the first days to 1°C by the end.

A typical October day in Ulaanbaatar reaches about 5°C in the afternoon and slips back to -6°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -2°C and 12°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs about 9°C cooler than September and about 12°C warmer than November.

-20°-10°10°20°151015202531
Avg high (°C)Avg low (°C)
110-2
210-2
39-3
49-3
59-3
68-4
78-4
88-4
97-4
107-5
117-5
127-5
136-5
146-6
156-6
165-6
175-6
185-7
194-7
204-7
214-8
224-8
233-8
243-9
253-9
262-9
272-10
282-10
291-10
301-11
310-11

How October really feels in Ulaanbaatar

Once humidity and wind are folded in, October averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C
0
heat index over the day's high
Days feeling ≤ C
31
17 feel bitter (≤ -10°C)

The story in October is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.

Ulaanbaatar weather by month

How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 7th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

MonthHigh / Low (°C)Rainfall (mm)Wet daysSnow daysDaylight (hours)Travel score
Jan-17° / -28°20.50.78.60.0
Feb-11° / -24°31.21.59.90.0
Mar-2° / -15°72.22.711.60.0
Apr / -5°164.33.613.41.3
May15° / 356.7314.94.8
Jun20° / 559.50.215.76.3
Jul22° / 11°6611.2015.46.4
Aug20° / 6810.7014.16.2
Sep14° / 397.21.512.44.6
Oct / -6°153.83.310.60.7
Nov-7° / -18°62.12.690.0
Dec-15° / -25°20.91.38.30.0

Cloud cover in October

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 50% of the time in October.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 31%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.

0%25%50%75%100%151015202531
Clearer (%)Cloudier (%)
16535
26535
36634
46733
56733
66733
76931
86931
97030
107030
117030
127030
137030
147030
156931
166931
176931
186931
196931
206931
216931
226931
236931
246931
256931
266931
276931
286931
296931
307030
317030

Chance of precipitation in October

Any precipitationSnow

Ulaanbaatar gets around 15 mm of rain and snow over 3.8 wet days in October. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 13% and peaks near 18% on the wettest days, and about 3 days bring snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.

0%10%20%30%151015202531
Rain chance (%)Snow chance (%)
11810
21810
31710
41711
51711
61611
71611
81511
91511
101511
111512
121512
131512
141512
151412
161412
171412
181312
191312
201212
211212
221111
231111
241011
25910
26910
27810
2889
2979
3079
3179

Humidity in October

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of October feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, October lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

0%25%50%75%100%151015202531
Dry (%)
1100
2100
3100
4100
5100
6100
7100
8100
9100
10100
11100
12100
13100
14100
15100
16100
17100
18100
19100
20100
21100
22100
23100
24100
25100
26100
27100
28100
29100
30100
31100

Wind in October

Winds average 9 km/h in October.

Across October, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

051015151015202531
Wind speed (km/h)Feels
19calm
29calm
39calm
49calm
59calm
69calm
79calm
89calm
99calm
109calm
119calm
129calm
139calm
149calm
159calm
169calm
179calm
189calm
199calm
209calm
219calm
229calm
239calm
249calm
259calm
269calm
279calm
289calm
299calm
309calm
319calm

Sunrise & sunset in October

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 11 h 30 min at the start of October to 9 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 102 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 6:58 AM to 7:43 AM, and sunset from 6:25 PM to 5:29 PM.

12 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AM151015202531
Daylight (h)Sunrise (AM)Sunset (PM)
111.56:586:25
211.46:596:23
311.37:016:21
411.37:026:19
511.27:046:17
611.27:056:15
711.17:076:13
811.07:086:11
911.07:106:08
1010.97:116:06
1110.97:136:04
1210.87:146:03
1310.77:166:01
1410.77:175:59
1510.67:195:57
1610.67:205:55
1710.57:225:53
1810.57:235:51
1910.47:255:49
2010.47:265:47
2110.37:285:46
2210.27:295:44
2310.27:315:42
2410.17:325:40
2510.17:345:38
2610.07:365:37
2710.07:375:35
289.97:395:33
299.97:405:32
309.87:425:30
319.87:435:29

Solar energy in October

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 3.15 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.49 kWh/m² to a high of 6.52 kWh/m² in May across the year — October's 3.15 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

01234151015202531
Solar energy (kWh/m²)Level
13.8Moderate
23.7Moderate
33.7Moderate
43.6Moderate
53.6Moderate
63.6Moderate
73.5Moderate
83.5Moderate
93.4Moderate
103.4Moderate
113.4Moderate
123.3Moderate
133.3Moderate
143.2Moderate
153.2Moderate
163.1Moderate
173.1Moderate
183.1Moderate
193.0Moderate
203.0Moderate
212.9Moderate
222.9Moderate
232.9Moderate
242.8Moderate
252.8Moderate
262.7Moderate
272.7Moderate
282.6Moderate
292.6Moderate
302.6Moderate
312.5Moderate
Planning a trip in October

Is October a good time to visit Ulaanbaatar?

Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

0.7
Sightseeing
7th-best month of the year
0.0
Beach & pool
6th-best month of the year

October is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Ulaanbaatar.

What to pack for Ulaanbaatar in October

From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In October, Ulaanbaatar sees daytime highs around 5°C and nights near -6°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. About 4 days see rain.

a warm layera heavy coat

UV index in Ulaanbaatar in October

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ulaanbaatar peaks around July 18 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 17 at about 1 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 6 months of the year.

025710JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecLowModerateHighVery highModerateLowJul 18UV 8Dec 17UV 1
UV index (midday)Level
Jan1Low
Feb2Low
Mar3Moderate
Apr6High
May7High
Jun7Very high
Jul8Very high
Aug8Very high
Sep5Moderate
Oct2Moderate
Nov1Low
Dec1Low

Air quality in Ulaanbaatar in October

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where October falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Ulaanbaatar is worst in July — around 135 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.3× the cleanest month (October, 41 µg/m³).

Seasonal pattern from CAMS reanalysis, scaled to Ulaanbaatar's WHO annual average of 60 µg/m³.

0306090120150JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecUnhealthyPoorUnhealthyPoorJul 16128 µg/m³Oct 1141 µg/m³
PM2.5 (µg/m³)Level
Jan56Unhealthy
Feb55Unhealthy
Mar48Poor
Apr48Poor
May54Poor
Jun78Unhealthy
Jul135Unhealthy
Aug73Unhealthy
Sep42Poor
Oct41Poor
Nov48Poor
Dec41Poor
Location & terrain

Where is Ulaanbaatar?

Ulaanbaatar sits at 47.9°N, 106.9°E, 1,284 m above sea level, in Mongolia. The nearest listed city is Zuunmod, 23 km away.

DarhanErdenetSühbaatarBulgan

Topography around Ulaanbaatar

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ulaanbaatar.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Ulaanbaatar has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 247 m around an average of 1,304 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,018 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,795 m.

The land around Ulaanbaatar is covered by artificial surfaces (81%) within 3 km, grassland (57%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 16 km, and grassland (79%) within 80 km.

3 km
247 m
16 km
1,018 m
80 km
1,795 m
treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwatermoss and lichen
October weather nearby: Zuunmod 23 km · Dzuunmod 23 km · Nalayh 34 km · Dzüünharaa 110 km · Darhan 189 km · Erdenet 241 km · Sühbaatar 263 km · Bulgan 267 km

Mongolia travel facts

Travel advisory
Level 1
Exercise Normal Precautions
Power plugs
Type C / E / F
220 V · 50 Hz
Prices
≈ 34% of US
price level, 2025
GDP per capita
$7,108
2025
Happiness
5.9 / 10
World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water
43%
of population, 2024
Homicide rate
5.9
per 100k, 2023
Road deaths
21
per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group
Upper middle
World Bank
English
Very low
EF EPI 447
Religion
Buddhist 52%no religion 41%Muslim 3%Shaman 3%

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ulaanbaatar (47.9077°, 106.8832°, elevation 1,284 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).