Kutkai weather in February
In February, Kutkai sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 19 mm of rain across 3 wet days and about 11.2 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 25°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 78% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 54 min at the start of February to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Kutkai's 2nd-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kutkai's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 19 mm
- 3 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 12 min
- 6:37 AM – 5:49 PM
- Cloud cover
- 24%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.18 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.7
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 25°C by the end.
A typical February day in Kutkai reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 15°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 26°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 3°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 8 |
| 2 | 22 | 8 |
| 3 | 22 | 8 |
| 4 | 22 | 8 |
| 5 | 22 | 8 |
| 6 | 23 | 8 |
| 7 | 23 | 8 |
| 8 | 23 | 8 |
| 9 | 23 | 8 |
| 10 | 23 | 8 |
| 11 | 23 | 8 |
| 12 | 23 | 9 |
| 13 | 23 | 9 |
| 14 | 23 | 9 |
| 15 | 24 | 9 |
| 16 | 24 | 9 |
| 17 | 24 | 9 |
| 18 | 24 | 9 |
| 19 | 24 | 9 |
| 20 | 24 | 9 |
| 21 | 24 | 10 |
| 22 | 24 | 10 |
| 23 | 24 | 10 |
| 24 | 24 | 10 |
| 25 | 25 | 10 |
| 26 | 25 | 10 |
| 27 | 25 | 10 |
| 28 | 25 | 10 |
Kutkai weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 9th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21° / 7° | 23 | 3 | 10.7 | 8.3 |
| Feb | 23° / 9° | 19 | 3 | 11.2 | 8.7 |
| Mar | 26° / 12° | 25 | 4.8 | 11.8 | 7.9 |
| Apr | 28° / 16° | 65 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 6.2 |
| May | 27° / 18° | 204 | 22.2 | 13.1 | 4.8 |
| Jun | 26° / 20° | 310 | 28.8 | 13.4 | 3.5 |
| Jul | 25° / 20° | 398 | 30.8 | 13.3 | 3.3 |
| Aug | 26° / 20° | 360 | 30.5 | 12.8 | 3.4 |
| Sep | 26° / 19° | 239 | 27.2 | 12.1 | 3.8 |
| Oct | 25° / 17° | 156 | 21.3 | 11.4 | 5.1 |
| Nov | 23° / 12° | 57 | 7.4 | 10.9 | 7.5 |
| Dec | 21° / 9° | 15 | 2.8 | 10.6 | 8.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 78% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 11%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 93 |
| Cloudier (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90 | 10 |
| 2 | 90 | 10 |
| 3 | 90 | 10 |
| 4 | 90 | 10 |
| 5 | 90 | 10 |
| 6 | 90 | 10 |
| 7 | 90 | 10 |
| 8 | 89 | 11 |
| 9 | 88 | 12 |
| 10 | 88 | 12 |
| 11 | 88 | 12 |
| 12 | 88 | 12 |
| 13 | 88 | 12 |
| 14 | 88 | 12 |
| 15 | 88 | 12 |
| 16 | 88 | 12 |
| 17 | 88 | 12 |
| 18 | 89 | 11 |
| 19 | 89 | 11 |
| 20 | 89 | 11 |
| 21 | 89 | 11 |
| 22 | 90 | 10 |
| 23 | 90 | 10 |
| 24 | 90 | 10 |
| 25 | 91 | 9 |
| 26 | 92 | 8 |
| 27 | 92 | 8 |
| 28 | 93 | 7 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Kutkai gets around 19 mm of rain over 3 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 10% and peaks near 13% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 8 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 8 |
| 4 | 8 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 6 | 8 |
| 7 | 8 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 9 | 8 |
| 10 | 8 |
| 11 | 8 |
| 12 | 9 |
| 13 | 9 |
| 14 | 9 |
| 15 | 10 |
| 16 | 10 |
| 17 | 11 |
| 18 | 11 |
| 19 | 12 |
| 20 | 12 |
| 21 | 13 |
| 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 13 |
| 24 | 13 |
| 25 | 13 |
| 26 | 13 |
| 27 | 13 |
| 28 | 13 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 99 | 1 |
| 26 | 99 | 1 |
| 27 | 99 | 1 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 54 min at the start of February to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 36 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:44 AM to 6:28 AM, and sunset from 5:40 PM to 5:56 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.9 | 6:44 | 5:40 |
| 2 | 10.9 | 6:44 | 5:40 |
| 3 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:41 |
| 4 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:42 |
| 5 | 11.0 | 6:42 | 5:42 |
| 6 | 11.0 | 6:42 | 5:43 |
| 7 | 11.0 | 6:41 | 5:44 |
| 8 | 11.1 | 6:41 | 5:44 |
| 9 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:45 |
| 10 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:46 |
| 11 | 11.1 | 6:39 | 5:46 |
| 12 | 11.1 | 6:39 | 5:47 |
| 13 | 11.2 | 6:38 | 5:47 |
| 14 | 11.2 | 6:38 | 5:48 |
| 15 | 11.2 | 6:37 | 5:49 |
| 16 | 11.2 | 6:36 | 5:49 |
| 17 | 11.2 | 6:36 | 5:50 |
| 18 | 11.3 | 6:35 | 5:50 |
| 19 | 11.3 | 6:35 | 5:51 |
| 20 | 11.3 | 6:34 | 5:51 |
| 21 | 11.3 | 6:33 | 5:52 |
| 22 | 11.3 | 6:32 | 5:53 |
| 23 | 11.4 | 6:32 | 5:53 |
| 24 | 11.4 | 6:31 | 5:54 |
| 25 | 11.4 | 6:30 | 5:54 |
| 26 | 11.4 | 6:29 | 5:55 |
| 27 | 11.4 | 6:28 | 5:55 |
| 28 | 11.5 | 6:28 | 5:56 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.18 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.46 kWh/m² to a high of 6.08 kWh/m² in April across the year — February's 5.18 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Kutkai
None of Kutkai's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Kutkai's monsoon runs May–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Kutkai?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Kutkai for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Kutkai in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Kutkai sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Kutkai in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 8 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kutkai peaks around July 14 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 23 at about 6 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| Level | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6 | High |
| Feb | 8 | Very high |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 9 | Very high |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 14 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 11 | Extreme |
| Oct | 9 | Very high |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 6 | High |
Air quality in Kutkai in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Kutkai is worst in March — around 159 µg/m³ PM2.5 (very unhealthy), about 18.0× the cleanest month (July, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 17 | 30 | 159 | 104 | 23 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 15 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Very unhealthy | Unhealthy | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Moderate |
| Feb | 30 | Moderate |
| Mar | 159 | Very unhealthy |
| Apr | 104 | Unhealthy |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 13 | Moderate |
| Jul | 9 | Good |
| Aug | 9 | Good |
| Sep | 10 | Good |
| Oct | 10 | Good |
| Nov | 11 | Good |
| Dec | 15 | Moderate |
Where is Kutkai?
Kutkai sits at 23.5°N, 97.9°E, 1,341 m above sea level, in Myanmar. The nearest listed city is Namhkam, 49 km away.
Topography around Kutkai
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kutkai.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kutkai has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 166 m around an average of 1,369 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,328 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,147 m.
The land around Kutkai is covered by grassland (35%), cropland (30%) and trees (24%) within 3 km, trees (58%) and grassland (28%) within 16 km, and trees (79%) within 80 km.
Myanmar travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type A / C / D / F / G / I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,489
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 60%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 20.4
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 444
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kutkai (23.4579°, 97.938°, elevation 1,341 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).